Teaching method

Teaching method

The Yoshinknan method is unique in many ways. A look at Shioda Soke’s life gives perspective and context into his innovative teaching method. For more on this see the history section.

For the new Yoshinkan student there are many facets to this method of instruction that make aikido very accessible to anyone willing to train...

First having analyized the teaching method of his teacher, young Shioda Sensei, given the opportunity developed an instructors course for the Tokyo Riot Police in 1964. This course has been continually refined and is now in it’s 34th year.

This course has been a main focus of the Yoshinkan’s yearly calendar and under scientific analysis is a model of education and presentation. This brilliant system of instruction combines elements of physical education, spiritual development, and sports psychology that leads to quick and intuitive responses in the aikido student.

Primary to this method (which is utilized at all levels of Yoshinkan teaching) are the kihon dosa. These six basic movements can be described as the physical components of movement required to move in concert with a training partner or opponent. Based on strict form, these movements will manifest in reflex action of an efficient manner.

Using a cooperative and repetitive role exchange where each training partner in turn takes the role of an aggressor, these kihon dosa build a neuro-muscular circuit that we use without thinking. An example of this type of motor-neuro development is when you enter your bedroom and reach for the light switch. For the most part we do this entirely without thinking. Responding to our partners push or pull with this same level of response is true aikdo. Efficient, effortless and in harmony with the forces around us.

This is the Yoshinkan method.

Reading and Listening Are The Keys To Unconscious Communications

Many English learners believe that they must memorize all or most of the rules of English grammar in order to be able to speak it correctly. Some students and teachers even think that studying grammar is a “shortcut” or faster way to improve someone’s English. Unfortunately, this is usually not true, especially for speaking and listening. When you are speaking or listening, you usually don’t have time to stop and think about specific grammar rules consciously. If you did, you would have to speak…very…slowly…like…this! Most of what we use when we communicate is “unconscious”; that is, we use knowledge that we don’t have to think about or even know the rules for.

Here’s a very important point to understand: The best way to be able to use good grammar is to listen and to read English you can understand. Most native speakers of English can’t explain to you the rules of grammar, but they can speak and write English without any problems. How is this possible? Because they have listened and read a lot of English, and they “know” the rules unconsciously, without having to think about them. For you to get this same ability, you only need to listen and read as much as you can in English.

نکته های طلایی در یادگیری مکالمه زبان انگلیسی

ادامه نوشته

چطور با خواندن، انگليسي خود را تقويت کنيم؟

تقویت خواندن متون انگلیسی

 

چطور با خواندن، انگليسي خود را تقويت کنيم؟

سريع خواني

معمولاً افراد هنگام مطالعه‌ي يک متن (مثلاً يک روزنامه) سعي مي‌کنند با حداقل تلاش و حداکثر سرعت به مضمون اصلي مطلب پي ببرند. شايد بتوان اين استراتژي را «سريع خواني» ناميد. در اين استراتژي مغز تلاش مي‌کند تا جاي ممکن کلمات کمتري را بخواند و تنها کسري از ثانيه روي هر کلمه توقف مي‌کند. ممکن است زبان‌آموزان نيز اين استراتژي را براي خواندن متون انگليسي بکار بگيرند.
حال بايد ديد اين استراتژي (سريع خواني) چه ويژگيهايي دارد:
• کلمات گرامري از قبيل حروف اضافه و حروف تعريف ديده نمي‌شوند. چشم تنها روي کلماتي از قبيل اسمها، فعلها، صفات و قيدهاي اصلي توقف مي‌کند.
• وجوه کلمه ديده نمي‌شود (مانند قسمت دوم يا سوم بودن يک فعل).
• به املاي دقيق کلمه دقت نمي‌شود. دانسته شده است که مغز  کل کلمه را از روي شکل آن تشخيص مي‌دهد و آن را بصورت حرف به حرف تجزيه و تحليل نمي‌کند.
• به کلمات مشکلي که براي درک معني کلمه ضروري نيستند توجه نمي‌شود (براي صرفه جويي در وقت به ديکشنري مراجعه نمي‌شود).

البته «سريع خواني» روش بسيار خوبي براي صرفه‌جويي در وقت است. اما مشکل اينجاست که شما براي درک يک مطلب به کلمات گرامري خيلي نياز نداريد، اما براي ساختن يک متن يا مطلب (هنگام نوشتن يا صحبت کردن) به آنها نياز داريد. بنابراين اگر به چيزهايي مانند حروف تعريف و حروف اضافه دقت نکنيد، نخواهيد توانست آنها را به درستي در جملات خودتان بکار گيريد.
به همين دليل بعضي از زبان‌آموزان يک کتاب 300 صفحه‌اي را تمام مي‌کنند و همچنان با گرامر نسبتاً پايه‌اي هم مشکل داشته باشند. و باز به همين دليل است که حروف اضافه و حروف تعريف جزو سخت‌ترين قسمتهاي آموزش زبان انگليسي محسوب مي‌شوند. توصيه‌اي که در اينجا به زبان‌آموزان مي‌شود اين است که اگر مي‌خواهيد مهارتهاي خروجي (=نوشتن و مکالمه) خود را افزايش دهيد، بايد به خودتان ياد بدهيد که به کلمات گرامري توجه کنيد.

چگونه بخوانيم؟
در اينجا چند نکته‌ي جالب و مهم براي مطالعه‌ي متن‌هاي انگليسي به زبان‌آموزان توصيه مي‌شود:
1- هنگام برخورد با يک چيز جالب توجه (و نه واضح) توقف کنيد: مثلاً يک کلمه‌ي جديد، نحوه‌ي کاربرد يک کلمه، يک ساختار گرامري، يک حرف اضافه، يک حرف تعريف، ترتيب لغات و .... کمي وقت بگذاريد و فکر کنيد که چرا مثلاً در يک جمله‌ي خاص از حرف اضافه‌ي at به جاي on استفاده شده است و يا چرا از زمان حال کامل استفاده شده است در حاليکه شما انتظار گذشته‌ي ساده را داشتيد.
2- اگر در جمله‌اي عبارت مفيدي وجود دارد، از خودتان بپرسيد: آيا خودم مي‌توانم يک عبارت مشابه بسازم؟ آيا مي‌توانيد مثلاً حروف اضافه، حروف تعريف و زمانهاي صحيح را بکار ببريد؟ اگر مطمئن نيستيد، سعي کنيد يک عبارت مشابه را با صداي بلند و يا در ذهنتان بگوييد. هدف اين است که آن عبارت را در ذهنتان نگه داريد.
3- هر جا لازم است (و يا اگر صرفاً دوست داريد)، از ديکشنري استفاده کنيد تا به تعاريف کلمات و نيز به جملات نمونه‌ي بيشتري دست پيدا کنيد.
4- جملات و عبارتهاي مفيد و کاربردي را در دفتر يادداشت خود (و يا در نرم‌افزارهايي مانند Supermemo) وارد کنيد. بدين ترتيب اطمينان خواهيد يافت که در آينده باز هم آنها را مرور خواهيد کرد.

اگر دوست نداريد هنگام خواندن توقف کنيد (تا مثلاً يک کلمه را در ديکشنري جستجو کنيد)، مي‌توانيد زير جملات جالب و مفيد خط بکشيد تا بعداً به آنها رسيدگي کنيد.
نکته‌ي مهم ديگري که بايد به آنها توجه کنيد اين است که شما مجبور نيستيد که هميشه از استراتژي بالا استفاده کنيد. خواندن به اين روش نسبتاً خسته کننده است، بنابراين اگر بعد از يک مطالعه‌ي طولاني خسته هستيد، اين روش را به کار نبريد. همچنين براي هر جمله به يک اندازه وقت صرف نکنيد. در بسيار از جملات، عبارتها و ساختارهايي که براي جمله‌سازي شما مفيد باشند وجود ندارد.

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learn English

What is necessary to learn English well?

 

Learning English requires action. You may know all the learning tips, but if you don't start doing things, you will achieve nothing. The fact is, if you want to learn to speak English well, you must change your life. Here are some examples of things you will have to do:

read a book in English for an hour every day, analyzing the grammar in sentences and looking up words in an English dictionary

listen to an audiobook or other recording in English, stopping it frequently, trying to understand what is being said, and trying to imitate the speaker's pronunciation

spend your afternoon practicing the pronunciation of the English "r" sound

carefully write an e-mail message in English, using a dictionary or a Web search every 20 seconds to make sure every word is correct, and taking 5 minutes to write one sentence

think about an English sentence you've read, wondering if it could say "a" instead of "the" in the sentence, and trying to find similar sentences on the Web to find out the answer

walk down the street and build simple English sentences in your head (talking to yourself in English about the things you see around you)

What kind of person would do all these crazy things? Only one kind. The kind of person who enjoys doing them. If you want to learn to speak English well, you're going to have to become that person. You cannot hate doing these things. Have you ever heard of a person who became successful by doing something he hated?

 

The problem with learning and teaching English as a foreign language is that all English learners want to speak English well; however, most learners don't want to spend time on learning English on their own. (Which is probably why they sign up for English classes and hope their teacher will force knowledge into their heads.)

This lack of motivation means that learners basically don't spend their own time on learning English, and if they do, they don't do it regularly. For example, a typical learner might study English phrasal verbs for 12 hours before an English exam. However, he will not read a book in English for 30 minutes every day. He just doesn't feel that learning English is pleasant enough, so he will only do it if he has to. The problem is that a huge one-time effort gives you nothing, while small, everyday activities will give you a lot.

If you are one of those learners and don't feel like practicing the pronunciation of the "r" sound or thinking about English sentences every day, we have news for you: You're going to have to make yourself want to do these things. In other words, you'll have to work on your motivation. Fortunately, there are proven techniques to help you with that....