Chinese proverb about money

  CHINESE   PROVERB

ABOUT 
 
MONEY

 
WITH MONEY YOU CAN

BUY A HOUSE, 
BUT NOT A HOME!

 

WITH MONEY YOU CAN  
BUY A CLOCK,  
BUT NOT TIME!

 WITH MONEY YOU CAN  
BUY A BED,  
BUT NOT SLEEP!

 

WITH MONEY YOU CAN  
BUY A BOOK,

BUT NOT KNOWLEDGE!

 WITH MONEY YOU CAN  
SEE A DOCTOR,  
BUT NOT GOOD HEALTH!

 WITH MONEY YOU CAN  
BUY A POSITION,  
BUT NOT RESPECT!

 WITH MONEY YOU CAN  
BUY BLOOD,  
BUT NOT LIFE!

 

WITH MONEY YOU CAN  
BUY ....,  
BUT NOT LOVE!

Why women cry

Why Women Cry ?

Why are you crying, a young boy asked his Mom?
'Because I'm a woman,' she told him.
'I don't understand,' he said.
His Mom just hugged him and said,
'And you never will, but that's O.K.'.......

Later the little boy asked his father,
'Why does Mom seem to cry for no reason?'.
'All women cry for no reason,' was all his Dad could say......

The little boy grew up and became a man,
still wondering why women cry.

Finally he put in a call to God and when God got back to him,

he asked 'God, why do women cry so easily?'

GOD answered...

'When I made woman,
I decided she had to be special.
I made her shoulders
strong enough to carry
the weight of the world, yet,
made her arms gentle enough to give comfort... !

I gave her the inner strength
to endure childbirth
and the rejection
that many times will come
even from her own children.

I gave her a hardness
that allows her
to keep going and take care
of her family and friends,
even when everyone else gives up,

through sickness and fatigue without complaining....
I gave her the sensitivity to love her children under any and all
circumstances.

Even when her child has hurt her badly....
She has the very special power to make a child's boo-boo feel better and
to quell a teenager's anxieties and fears....

I gave her strength to care for her husband, despite faults
and I fashioned her from his rib to protect his heart....

I gave her wisdom to know that a good husband never hurts his wife,
but
sometimes tests her strengths and her resolve

to stand beside him unfalteringly....

For all of this hard work,
I also gave her a tear to shed.
It is hers to use
whenever needed and
it is her only weakness....
When you see her cry,
tell her how much you love her,

and all she does for everyone, and even though
she may still cry,

you will have made her heart feel good.

افسانه فائتون (Phaeton)‌فرزند خدای آفتاب (Apollo Helios)

The Story of Phaeton
Part I
In the sunny plains of Greece there once dwelt Clymene, a fair nymph. She was not alone; however, for her golden-haired little son phaeton was there to gladden her heart with all his childish graces. Early in the morning, when the sun's bright orb first appeared above the horizon, Clymene would point it out to her boy, and tell him that his father, Apollo, was setting out for his daily drive. Clymene so often entertained her child with stories of his father's beauty and power, that at last Phaeton became conceited, and acquired a habit of boasting rather loudly of his divine parentage. His playmates, after a time, became tired of his arrogance and wanted him to show them some proof of his divine origin. Phaeton hastened to his mother, and begged her to direct him to his father so that he could obtain the desired proof. Clymene immediately gave him all necessary information, and bade him make haste if he would reach his father's palace in the Far East before the sun chariot passed out of its portals to accomplish his daily round. Directly eastward Phaeton journeyed, nor paused to rest until he came in view of the golden pinnacles of his father's palace. It was a radiant place. It shone with gold and gleamed with ivory and sparkled with jewels. Everything without and within flashed, glowed and glittered. Darkness and night were unknown.

  

Apollo, from his golden throne, had watched the boy's approach and, as he drew nearer, recognized him as his own child. Apollo addressed him graciously, called him his son and asked him? "What brought you here?" He answered: "I have come to find out if you are my father or not. My mother said you were, but the boys at school laugh when I tell them I am your son. They will not believe me. "Smiling Apollo said: "Come here, Phaeton, you are my son. I expect you will not doubt my word too? But I will give you a proof. Ask anything you want of me and you shall have it. I call the Styx, the river of the oath of the gods, to be witness to my promise.

With a flash of triumph in his dark eyes, Phaeton, hearing this oath, begged permission to drive the sun chariot that very day, stating that all the world be sure to notice his exalted position. When the god heard his request, he startled back in dismay and said: "You are Clymene's son as well as mine .You are mortal. You couldn’t drive my chariot. In deed, no god except me can do that. The ruler of gods cannot. Consider the road. It rises up from the sea so deeply that the horses can hardly climb it, fresh though they are in the morning. To guide the horses is a perpetual struggle. You will have to pass beasts, fierce beasts of prey and they are all that you will see.

 

to be continued...

درس زندگی

A very nice text, not only meaningful but also structurally well-written !
Read it a couple of times, ponder over the meaning and enjoy the beautiful style!

A Lesson in Life

Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means
of good or bad luck. Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true
greatness and sheer stupidity all occur to test the limits of your
soul. Without these small tests, if they be events, illnesses or
relationships, life would be like a smoothly paved, straight, flat
road to nowhere.
If someone hurts you, betrays you, or breaks your heart, forgive them.
For they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being
cautious to who you open your heart to.
If someone loves you, love them back unconditionally, not only because
they love you, but because they are teaching you to love and opening
your heart and eyes to things you would have never seen or felt
without them.
Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from it
everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to
experience it again.
Talk to people you have never talked to before, and actually listen.
Hold your head up because you have every right to.
Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself, for if you don't believe in yourself, no one else will believe in you either.

You can make of your life anything you wish.

Create your own life and then go out and live it.

معرفی کتاب

Special attention: Mr. Arbabi Radi

Sorry for the delay. Here are the books you asked for!

                                                              

Listening: Usually listening is practiced along with speaking in major English books. Yet a very useful book with mere attention to listening is Tactics for listening. The series include Basics, developing and Expanding. These seem to be extremely useful for listening practice written by JC Richards and they are available with cassettes in the market!

Idioms: There are a number of books on English idioms. Here are the most popular ones. The most well-known book on idioms is English Idioms in Use by McCarthy & O’dell published by Cambridge University is comprehensive book for intermediate and upper intermediate students. It includes over 1000 of the most useful and frequent idioms.

Practising Idioms by Donald Watson published by Nelson is another helpful book on idioms which has been categorized based on topics.  The idioms are contextualized in interesting mini-stories and dialogues. 

Both of the above are workbooks with lots of exercise for practising. Of course both have to be used along with dictionaries. Remember there are not reference books for finding idioms.

101 American English Idioms  is a small but interesting book on idioms which contains a number of idioms contextualized in examples along with their meanings. What gives the book a funny look and makes idioms easy to remember is the funny caricature accompanying each idiom!

A domestically compiled book on idioms is Categorized Idiomatic Expressions in English  by Javad Riasati & Samad Zare. It seems easy to use since it is alphabetically organized and it includes the meanings as well.

داستانی پند آموز

Study this small story; it will hopefully make a big change in you.

Professor began his class by holding up a glass with some water in it.

He held it for all to see and asked the students, “How much does this glass weigh?”

50g! …. 100g! …. 125 g! the students answered.

I really don’t know unless I weigh it, said the professor, but my question is: “What would happen if I held it up like this for a few minutes?”

Nothing, said the students.

“Ok what would happen if I held it up like this for an hour?”  the professor asked.

“Your arm would begin to ache” said the students.

You are right, now what would happen if I held it up for a day?

“Your arm could go numb, you might have severe muscle stress and paralysis and have to go to hospital for sure!”, Ventured another student and all the students laughed.

 

Very good. But the all this, has the weight of the glass changed? Asked the professor.

NO!!!

“Then what caused the arm ache and the muscle stress? “ The students were puzzled.

 

Put the glass down! Said one of the students.

 

“Exactly”, said the professor. Life’s problems are something like this.

Hold it for a few minutes in your head and they seem OK. Think of them for a long time and they begin to ache. Hold it even longer and they begin to paralyze you. You will not be able to do anything.

 

It’s important to think of the challenges (problems) in your life, but EVEN more important is to put them down at the end of every day before you go to sleep. That way, you are not stressed, you wake up every day fresh and strong and can handle any issue, any challenge that come your way.

 

So when you leave the office today, remember to

Put the glass down TODAY!

 

افسانه فائتون (Phaeton)‌فرزند خدای آفتاب (Apollo Helios) قسمت دوم

Part II

 

But none of all this wise talk meant anything to the boy and Apollo who had sworn the irrevocable oath, was obliged to fulfill his promise. The hour had already come when the sun usually began his daily journey. Apollo quickly anointed his son with a cooling essence to preserve him from the burning sunbeams, gave him the necessary directions for his journey, and repeatedly and anxiously cautioned him to watch his steeds with the utmost care. The youth, who had listened impatiently to cautions and directions, then sprang into the seat carried by the steeds which Zeus himself could not master, and dashed out of eastern palace.
For an hour or two Phaeton bore in mind his father's principal injunctions, and all went well; but at length position, he became very reckless, drove faster and falter, and soon lost his way.

 

In finding it again he drove so close to earth, all the plants shriveled up, the fountains and rivers were dried and the smoke began to rise from the blackened earth, and even the people of land over which he was passing were burned black. Terrified at what he had done, Phaeton whipped up his steeds, and drove so far away, that all the vegetation which had survived the intense heat came to an untimely end on account of sudden cold. Phaeton was puzzled and wanted nothing except to have this torment and terror ended. He would have welcomed death Mother Earth, too, could bear no more. She uttered a great cry which reached up to the gods. Looking from Olympus, they saw that they must act quickly if the world was to be saved. Zeus seized his thunderbolt and hurled it at the rash, repentant driver, Phaeton. It struck him dead and shattered the chariot.

 

Phaeton fell from the chariot to the earth, in the mysterious river, Erdanus, which no mortal eyes have ever seen. The tidings of his death reached poor Clymene, who mourned her only son, and refused to be comforted; while the Heliades, Phaeton sister's, three in number, spent their days by the river side, shedding tears, until the gods, in pity transformed them into poplar trees, and their tears into amber, which substance was supposed by the ancient to flow from the poplar trees like teardrops. Phaeton's intimate friend, Cycnus, piously collected his charred remains, and gave them an honorable burial. In his grief he continually hunted the scene of his friend's death, and repeatedly plunged into the river, in the hope of finding some more scattered fragments, until the gods changed him into swan; which bird is ever sailing mournfully, and frequently plunging his head into the water to continue his search

Before and After Marriage!

Enjoy it!

 

 Before the marriage:

He: Yes. At last. It was so hard to wait.
She: Do you want me to leave?
He: NO! Don't even think about it.
She: Do you love me?
He: Of course!

She: Have you ever cheated on me?
He: NO! Why you even asking?
She: Will you kiss me?
He: Yes
She: Will you hit me?
He: No way! I'm not such kind of person!
She: Can I trust you?

 Now after the marriage you can read it from bottom
to the top!!!!

 

Thoughtful Quotes

 

William Shakespeare

 

There is nothing good or bad

but thinking makes it so!           

(from HAMLET; Hamlet act I)

 

 هیچ چیز خوب یا بدی وجود ندارد! 

                                     خوب و بد در اندیشه توست!

 

Men at some time are masters of their fates: The fault is not in our stars, but in ourselves, that we are underlings.

 (from JULUIS CAESAR; Julius Caesar act I)

 

گهگاه  انسانها می توانند  ناخدای  سرنوشت  خود باشند!  مشکل از ستاره بخت مان  نیست بلکه از خود ماست که زیر دست و دون پایه هستیم! 

 

And this our life, exempt from human haunt,

Finds tongues in trees, books in running brooks,

Sermons in stones, and good in every thing.

(from AS YOU LIKE IT; Duke Senior act II)

 

و در زندگی اگر از هیاهوی انسانها فارغ شويم

 درختان را سخنگو

 جويبارها را همچو كتاب

 سنگها را پر از موعظه مي يابيم

 و در همه چيز نيكي مي بينيم.

 

My crown is in my heart, not on my head;

Not decked with diamonds and Indian stones,

Nor to be seen: my crown is called content;

A crown it is that seldom kings enjoy.

(from KING HENRY THE SIXTH; Henry VI act III)

  

تاج من بر سرم نيست

تاجِ من در قلبم جاي دارد

كه سنگ های قیمتی آنرا نياراسته

ديدنی نیست

تاجِ من، قناعت نام دارد

كه به ندرت پادشاهي از آن بهره برده است.

 

 

Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once.

(from JULUIS CAESAR; Julius Caesar act II)

                                                                             

  آدمهای ترسو بار ها قبل از مرگ میمیرند

 ولی دلاوران فقط یکبار طعم مرگ را می چشند!

 

William Shakespeare

الفبای دوستی

T H E   A B C   O F   F R I E N D S H I P

 

A real friend does most of these:

Accepts you as you are
Believes in "you"
Calls you just to say "HI"
Doesn't give up on you!
Envisions the whole of you (even the unfinished parts)
Forgives your mistakes
Gives unconditionally
Helps you
Invites you over
Just "be" with you
Keeps you close at heart
Loves you for who you are
Makes a difference in your life
Never Judges
Offers support
Picks you up
Quiets your fears
Raises your spirits
Says nice things about you
Tells you the truth when you need to hear it
Understands you
Values you
Walks beside you
X-plains thing you don't understand
Yells when you won't listen and
Zaps you back to reality

 

شخصیت شناسی میوه ها

Here is an interesting text about personality based on fruit types!
Although unlikely to be true, it’s worth reading at least to learn about some fruit types!
I would like to thank z. m. z. s. who sent this text to me!

Melon (round, firm, juicy, many seeds): 

  e.g. Watermelon, Galia, Honeydew, Cantaloupe. 

You are a provider. You give, give and give some more. You enjoy helping others, and receive kindness in return.  You are a lover of the Earth, and have many carefully-chosen plants around your house and garden. You have several especially close friends. You are romantic at heart. You work to prevent the suffering of others whenever you can. There are many things you would like to do, and you make time for as many as you are able. Your Sign is modified with careful determination.  

Citrus (firm, bright, intense acidic flavour, juicy): 

e.g. Orange, Lemon, Lime, Grapefruit, Kumquat. 

You have a zest for life. You prefer bright colours and intense experiences. People often come to you for your unique insight into matters. Like your Life-Fruit, you can sometimes appear to be thick-skinned at first, but people soon learn about the real you inside. Sometimes you just need to spend a little time on your own, to relax and gather your thoughts. People can feel rejuvenated after spending time with you. The more friends get to know you, the stronger your friendship becomes. Your Sign is modified with enjoyment of the moment.  
 

Spicey (bright, variety of shapes, strong/hot flavour): 

e.g. Pepper, Chilli, Jalapeno, 

You can be fiery and bursting with energy. Sometimes you don't know what to do with yourself, but you eventually find a new project to channel your inexhaustible energies into. You enjoy rich food and good living, but never lose sight of your roots. You enjoy the thrill of a new love. Family is important to you. You enjoy thrilling experiences, but do not lose your sense of caution. You inspire those around you, whether you know it or not. Your sign has the modification of vibrant energy.  

Berry (small, round, soft, sweet, variety of colours): 

e.g. Blackberry, Blueberry, Strawberry, Raspberry, Cranberry, Gooseberry, Blackcurrant, Tomato, Grape. 

You are the life of the party, and help to bring out the best in others. Your sense of  fun and enthusiasm is picked up by those around you, and you tend to make friends quickly, even with complete strangers. You like interestingly flavoured foods. You often feel that you have an important destiny in life. Like the Blackberry, your personality is comprised of many different parts, all working together to make you whole. Your Sign is modified with your naturally bubbly personality.  

Orchard (hard/firm, bulbous, few seeds): 

e.g. Apple, Pear (many varieties of each) 

The keyword here is Strength. Not only are you strong of spirit yourself, but you lend strength and support to those around you. You are able to get yourself out of sticky situations and help others out also. You enjoy fine foods. As with all Orchard Fruits, hidden deep within you are the seeds of a new awakening. Soon, you will feel the need to release them and change the direction of your life for the better. You are eager for new knowledge. Your Sign modification is a strong determination to get things done without losing touch with your tender side.  

Squash (large, heavy, many seeds, fleshy): 

e.g. Pumpkin, Gourd 

There is more to you than meets the eye. You are naturally curious. People are often surprised at how much you are able to teach them. People are not immediately aware of your deeper nature, but may often depend upon you later. You enjoy intelligent reading and conversation. Friends rely on you at times, and your steadfastness is rewarded. Sometimes the pressures of work can get you down, but you soon bounce back to meet new challenges. You prefer subtle, tasteful colours and décor. Your Sign personality is modified with exceptional gentleness and a tender outlook.  

Nut (hard/tough shell, dry, brown/dark, woody):

e.g. Brazil, Walnut, Coconut (and Coco-De-Mer!), Pecan, Cashew, Hazel, Peanut.

You are occasionally short-tempered, but rarely without good reason. You are resilient, and can be stubborn when you know you are right. Hold out long enough and others will see your careful reasoning for what it is. You forge friendships for life, and stay in touch with those you love even if you do not see them for years at a time. Like the nuts, it can sometime take a while to get to know you, but the effort is worth it. Your Sign is modified with strength of will and a determination to do what is right.  

Tropical / Exotic (sunny climes, wide variety of shapes, colours, sizes, textures, flavours): 

e.g. Banana, Start Fruit, Papaya, Guava, Kiwi, Pineapple, Pomegranate, Avocado. 

You love new experiences. You try different foods, flavours, thrills as often as possible. People often have trouble keeping up with your active lifestyle. You dislike things which cause you emotional pain. Your partner will be someone who is much calmer than yourself but loves you for who you are. You enjoy spending time with those close to you. People think of you as bouncy, energetic and fun to be around. You can occasionally be sad, but hide it in order to not sadden those around you. Your Sign is modified with caring and playfulness.  

 

Football or soccer?

Football or soccer? Football refers to any of several games played with an inflated leather ball by two teams on a field with a goal at each end. The most common forms of football are: Rugby Football; American Football; Association Football—also known as soccer from (as)soc(iation football). The vocabulary on this page is for Soccer, the form most closely related to the original and the form played in the FIFA World Cup.

Useful Football Vocabulary

attack: to make a forceful attempt to score a goal

away game: a game played at the opponent's ground

away team: the team that is visiting the opponent's ground

beat: to defeat

champions: a team that has beaten all other teams in a sporting contest

cheer: to shout in encouragement and give support

corner kick: a restart of the game where the ball is kicked from one of the four corners of the field

defend: to resist an attack

draw: a game that ends with both teams having the same number of goals

field: the rectangular, grass area where a game is played

FIFA: Federation Internationale de Football Association; the official body of international football

foul: an unfair or invalid piece of play, against the rules

free kick: a kick given to a player for a foul by the opposition; the player kicks the ball without any opposing players within ten feet of him

match: a game of football

opposing team: a team playing against another team own goal a mistake, when a team places the ball inside its own goal

pass: when a player kicks the ball to a teammate

referee: the chief official; he starts and stops play, makes all decisions about the rules, and acts as timekeeper

score: (verb) to put the ball into the goal and gain a point

send a player off: when the referee tells a player to leave the field for bad behaviour

substitute: a player who replaces another player on the field

tackle: to try to take the ball away from another player by kicking or stopping it with the feet

Imam Hussein

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adverbs of Frequency: As easy as A B C. However, some review may help you understand them better.

100%	always
	usually
	frequently
	often
50%	sometimes
	occasionally
	rarely
	seldom
	hardly ever
0%	never

Adverbs of Frequency answer the question "How often?" or "How frequently?" They tell us how often somebody does something.

Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb (except the main verb "to be"):

We usually go shopping on Saturday.

I have often done that.

She is always late.

Occasionally, sometimes, often, frequently and usually can also go at the beginning or end of a sentence:

Sometimes they come and stay with us.

I play tennis occasionally.

Rarely and seldom can also go at the end of a sentence (often with "very"):

We see them rarely.

John eats meat very seldom

چرا نباید انگلیسی را بر اساس قواعد دستوری بیاموزید؟

یادگیری بر اساس قواعد دستوری (گرامری) دو نقطه ضعف عمده دارد:

• به خاطر سپردن یک قاعده‌ی دستوری مشکل است. این فرایند بسیار مصنوعی است؛ درست مثل به خاطر سپردن یک شعر است. این بسیار راحت‌تر است که چند جمله‌ی نمونه بخوانید و بقیه‌ی کارها را به عهده‌ی مغز خود بگذارید.

• به کار بردن یک قاعده‌ی گرامری بسیار وقت‌گیر است. شما اول باید آن را به خاطر بسپارید، سپس باید ببینید آیا آن می‌تواند در جمله‌ی شما به کار برده شود و در نهایت جمله‌تان را بر اساس آن قاعده می‌سازید. ساختن یک جمله بر اساس قواعد دستوری مانند حل کردن یک معادله‌ی ریاضی است. اگر شما اغلب از قواعد دستوری برای نوشتن و صحبت کردن استفاده کنید، نمی‌توانید این کارها را روان و راحت انجام دهید.

آیا قواعد دستوری می‌توانند مفید باشند؟

صد البته که می‌توانند مفید باشند. در واقع گرامر به شما کمک می‌کند تا یک زبان را بطور مؤثرتر و سریعتر بیاموزید. با آموختن گرامر یا دستور یک زبان می‌توانید خیلی چیزها را خودتان درک کنید، بدون اینکه مجبور باشید از کسی بپرسید یا در یک کتاب جستجو کنید.

اینکه گفته می‌شود «یک زبان را نباید بر اساس قواعد گرامری آموخت» منظور این نیست که نباید گرامر یاد گرفت، بلکه منظور این است که تأکید اصلی شمـا باید بر روی ورودی باشد و نه گرامر. در واقع شما بایـد یک زبان را بر اساس ورودی فرا بگیرید و در این میـان مطالعه‌ی گرامر می‌توانـد دوست خوب شما در این مسیر باشد.

همچنین بسیاری از قواعد گرامری آنقدر کمیاب هستند که کمتر در ورودی شما یافت می‌شوند (مثلاً زمان آینده‌ی کامل)، بنابراین بهترین راه فراگیری این دسته از قواعد مراجعـه به کتابهای آموزش گرامر می‌باشد.

مکالمه روزمره آمریکائی

- اگر رد بشی شانس دیگه ای نداری

If you flunk out you won't get a second chance  

2- عصبانیم نکن

 Don't get on my bad side.

۳- خوب گوش بده ( این رو تو مغزت فرو کن ) دیگه نباید او مسئله رو شروع کنی

 Now , get it straight . You shouldn't get started on that again.

۴- دلم برایت می سوزد

I feel sorry for you.

۵- این آخرین پیشنهاد منه ، می خوای بخواه ، می خوای نخواه.

That's my last offer, take it or leave it.

6- انتظار دارم این مسئله را خیلی جدی بگیری.

 I expect you to take this seriously.

7- اگر نمی خواهیم از پروازمون عقب بمونیم بهتره که الان حرکت کنیم.

We'd better take off now if we don't want to miss our flight.

8- بهتره تصمیمتو بگیری .

ِYou'd better make up your mind.

9- فقط ایندفعه رو بهت اجازه میدهم ، بار دیگه نه.

I let you have it this time, but not anymore.

10- تو دخالت نکن (این به تو ارتباطی نداره )

Keep out of this - This is not your bussiness - Don't try to get involved.

11- همون قدر که به تو ارتباط داره به من هم داره .

It's just as much my bussiness as yours.

12- اگر روی اون نون را نپوشانی زود خشک می شود.

If you don't cover that bread, it will soon dry out.

13- صبرم داره تموم می شه .

My patience is running out.

14 - با اون کاری نداشته باش .

Don't mess with him

مکالمه’ روزمره آمریکائی

 

۱- این قدر به اون ماشین ور نرو

1- Stop missing around with that car.

---

2- شما دو تا بس کنید (از دعوا سر و صدا و ...) نمی بینید دارم کار می کنم.

2- Knock it off you two. Don't you see I'm working.

لغات:

knock off (something): to stop working and go somewhere else بس کردن سراغ کار دیگری رفتن 

---

۳- اون فقط داره از شما سو ء استفاده میکنه.

3- He is just using you.

لغات:

to use: to make someone do something for you in order to get something you want سو ء استفاده کردن (یکی از معانی آن ) و معنای دیگر آن همان استفاده کردن است که اینجا مراد نیست  

---

۴- درست ازش استفاده کن (ازش بد استفاده نکن).

4- Don't misuse it. 

---

۵- این ممکنه باعث دردسرت بشه.

5- This might get you into trouble.

---

 ۶- تازگی ها تو مدرسه مشکل پیدا کردی (تو دردسر افتادی)؟

6- Are you getting into trouble at school lately?

---

 ۷- سیستم الکتریکی ایراد (عیب) داره.

7- There must be a flaw in the electrical system.

---

 ۸- اگر فکر میکنی مشکل الکتریکی داره بهش دست نزن.

8- Don't touch it if you think it's got an electrical fault.

---

 ۹- بس کن و گرنه چغلی تو پیش بابات می کنم.( به بابات می گم)

9- Stop it, or I'ii tell your dad on you.

لغات:

tell on somebody : to tell someone in authority about something wrong that someone you know has done - used especially by children چغلی کردن گزارش کار غلطی را دادن

---

۱۰- این قدر فضولی (دخالت ) نکن

10- Stop being so nosy.

---

11- این قدر بچه نشو (بچه بازی در نیار)

11- Stop being such a baby.

---

۱۲- این که دلیل نمیشه.

12- That's no excuse.

---

۱۳- اون کار دزدیه.

13- That is called stealing.

---

۱۴- خیلی با احتیاط رفتار کن.

14- Use extreme caution.

---

۱۵- باید آروم و با احتیاط کار کنی.

15- You have to do it slowly and always with caution.

---

۱۶- حواست جمع باشه.

16- Be alert.

---

۱۷- حماقت نکن.

17- Stop being a fool. 

---

۱۸- از عواقب کارت خبر داری.

18- Are you aware of consequences to you.

---

۱۹- سعی خودتو بکن ممکنه فرصت دیگری گیرت نیاد.

19- Do the best you can, you might not get another chance.

---

۲۰- مستقیم میرم سر اصل مطلب.

20- I come straight to the point.

---

۲۱- تمبر را با آب دهانش خیس کرد.

21- He moistened the stamp with his own saliva.

---

۲۲- اگر آب نباشد از تشنگی هلاک میشویم.

22- If there is no water, we will die of thirst.

---

۲۳- این سفر برایمان خیلی آب خورد.

23- This trip cust us a lot.

---

۲۴- این شایعات از کجا آب می خورد؟

24- Where these rumors originate from?

Or : where is the source of these romers?

---

۲۵ - مهمانی آنها خوب از آب درآمد.

25- Their party ended up being good.

---

۲۶- بی خود و بی جهت از همه انتقاد می کند.

26- She criticizes everyone for no reson at all.

---

۲۷ - با دیدن آن خوراک خوشبو دهانم آب افتاد.

27- Upon seeing that Fragnant food, My mouth waterd.

---

۲۸ - تنها پخت و پزی که بلدم آب پز کردن تخم مرغ است .

28- The only cooking I can do is to boil eggs.

---

۲۹ - یک مشت آبدار به سرش کوفتم.

29- I gave him a strong punch to his head.

---

۳۰ - آبروی خوانده ام در خطر است.

30- my family's honor is at stake.

لغات:

at stake: if something that you value very much is at stake, you will lose it if a plan or action is not successful در معرض خطر و نابودی بودن

---

 ۳۱- برای حفظ آبرو این کار را کرد.

31- He did it to save his face

---

۳۲- مواظب باش ممکنه لیوان از دستت لیز بخوره و بیفته.

32- Becareful, the glass might slip out of your hand.

---

۳۳- در آینده ای نزدیک

33- In the near future.

---

۳۴ این آخرین مد لباس مردانه است .

34- This is the latest men's fashion.

---

۳۵- یکی مانده به آخر.

35- The last but one.

or - The one before last.

---

۳۶ - در این شرکت حتی یک آدم حسابی نداریم.

36- We don't have even one qualified person in this company.

---

۳۷- این آرزو را به گور خواهد برد.

37- she shall not live to see her wish fulfilled.

---

۳۸ - بهترین موفقیت ها را برایت آرزو میکنم

38- I wish you the best of luck.

---

۳۹ - ورود برای عموم آزاد است.

39- It is open to the public.

---

۴۰ - آیا از عهده کار بر می آئید؟

40- Can you handle the job/task?

---

 41- این روزها اوضاع و احوال چگونه است؟

41- How is everything going with you nowadays?

---

۴۲- وضع زندگیت چطور است؟

42- How is life treating you.

---

۴۳ - یک کمی پکر به نظر می رسی.

43- You look alittle bit down in the mouth

or- You look a little upset.

لغات:

down in the mouth: informal unhapp پکر ناراحت

---

۴۴- ای بد نیستم.

44- So so

---

۴۵ - دنبال یک لقمه نان می دویم.

45- Too much for an effort.

---

۴۶- امروز روز سختی را سپری کردم.

46- Today I had a hard day

or - I had a long day today.

---

۴۷ - تا دیر وقت بیدار بودم.

47- I stayed uo late.

---

۴۸ - از چه طریق امرار معاش می کنید؟

48- How do you make your bread and butter.

---

۴۹ - مشغول چه کاری هستید؟

49- What are you busy with?

---

۵۰ - امیدوارم که همه چیز روبراه باشد.

چطور با خواندن، انگلیسی خود را تقویت کنیم؟

سریع خوانی

معمولاً افراد هنگام مطالعه‌ی یک متن (مثلاً یک روزنامه) سعی می‌کنند با حداقل تلاش و حداکثر سرعت به مضمون اصلی مطلب پی ببرند. شاید بتوان این استراتژی را «سریع خوانی» نامید. در این استراتژی مغز تلاش می‌کند تا جای ممکن کلمات کمتری را بخواند و تنها کسری از ثانیه روی هر کلمه توقف می‌کند. ممکن است زبان‌آموزان نیز این استراتژی را برای خواندن متون انگلیسی بکار بگیرند.

حال باید دید این استراتژی (سریع خوانی) چه ویژگیهایی دارد:

• کلمات گرامری از قبیل حروف اضافه و حروف تعریف دیده نمی‌شوند. چشم تنها روی کلماتی از قبیل اسمها، فعلها، صفات و قیدهای اصلی توقف می‌کند.

• وجوه کلمه دیده نمی‌شود (مانند قسمت دوم یا سوم بودن یک فعل).

• به املای دقیق کلمه دقت نمی‌شود. دانسته شده است که مغز  کل کلمه را از روی شکل آن تشخیص می‌دهد و آن را بصورت حرف به حرف تجزیه و تحلیل نمی‌کند.

• به کلمات مشکلی که برای درک معنی کلمه ضروری نیستند توجه نمی‌شود (برای صرفه جویی در وقت به دیکشنری مراجعه نمی‌شود).

 البته «سریع خوانی» روش بسیار خوبی برای صرفه‌جویی در وقت است. اما مشکل اینجاست که شما برای درک یک مطلب به کلمات گرامری خیلی نیاز ندارید، اما برای ساختن یک متن یا مطلب (هنگام نوشتن یا صحبت کردن) به آنها نیاز دارید. بنابراین اگر به چیزهایی مانند حروف تعریف و حروف اضافه دقت نکنید، نخواهید توانست آنها را به درستی در جملات خودتان بکار گیرید.

به همین دلیل بعضی از زبان‌آموزان یک کتاب 300 صفحه‌ای را تمام می‌کنند و همچنان با گرامر نسبتاً پایه‌ای هم مشکل داشته باشند. و باز به همین دلیل است که حروف اضافه و حروف تعریف جزو سخت‌ترین قسمتهای آموزش زبان انگلیسی محسوب می‌شوند. توصیه‌ای که در اینجا به زبان‌آموزان می‌شود این است که اگر می‌خواهید مهارتهای خروجی (=نوشتن و مکالمه) خود را افزایش دهید، باید به خودتان یاد بدهید که به کلمات گرامری توجه کنید.

 چگونه بخوانیم؟

در اینجا چند نکته‌ی جالب و مهم برای مطالعه‌ی متن‌های انگلیسی به زبان‌آموزان توصیه می‌شود:

1- هنگام برخورد با یک چیز جالب توجه (و نه واضح) توقف کنید: مثلاً یک کلمه‌ی جدید، نحوه‌ی کاربرد یک کلمه، یک ساختار گرامری، یک حرف اضافه، یک حرف تعریف، ترتیب لغات و .... کمی وقت بگذارید و فکر کنید که چرا مثلاً در یک جمله‌ی خاص از حرف اضافه‌ی at به جای on استفاده شده است و یا چرا از زمان حال کامل استفاده شده است در حالیکه شما انتظار گذشته‌ی ساده را داشتید.

2- اگر در جمله‌ای عبارت مفیدی وجود دارد، از خودتان بپرسید: آیا خودم می‌توانم یک عبارت مشابه بسازم؟ آیا می‌توانید مثلاً حروف اضافه، حروف تعریف و زمانهای صحیح را بکار ببرید؟ اگر مطمئن نیستید، سعی کنید یک عبارت مشابه را با صدای بلند و یا در ذهنتان بگویید. هدف این است که آن عبارت را در ذهنتان نگه دارید.

3- هر جا لازم است (و یا اگر صرفاً دوست دارید)، از دیکشنری استفاده کنید تا به تعاریف کلمات و نیز به جملات نمونه‌ی بیشتری دست پیدا کنید.

4- جملات و عبارتهای مفید و کاربردی را در دفتر یادداشت خود (و یا در نرم‌افزارهایی مانند Supermemo) وارد کنید. بدین ترتیب اطمینان خواهید یافت که در آینده باز هم آنها را مرور خواهید کرد.

 اگر دوست ندارید هنگام خواندن توقف کنید (تا مثلاً یک کلمه را در دیکشنری جستجو کنید)، می‌توانید زیر جملات جالب و مفید خط بکشید تا بعداً به آنها رسیدگی کنید.

نکته‌ی مهم دیگری که باید به آنها توجه کنید این است که شما مجبور نیستید که همیشه از استراتژی بالا استفاده کنید. خواندن به این روش نسبتاً خسته کننده است، بنابراین اگر بعد از یک مطالعه‌ی طولانی خسته هستید، این روش را به کار نبرید. همچنین برای هر جمله به یک اندازه وقت صرف نکنید. در بسیار از جملات، عبارتها و ساختارهایی که برای جمله‌سازی شما مفید باشند وجود ندارد.

تابلوها و علائم در خارج از کشور

از عمده مشکلاتی که بعضی از زبان آموزان دارند فهم عباراتی است که کشورهای خارجی بر روی بلیطها، سردر سینماها،  تابلوها، پر کردن فرمها، برچسب داروها و غیره وجود دارد که چه بسا در بردارنده کلمات اختصاری و امثال آن است .به نمونه های زیر توجه کنید:

نمونه اول:

 

بلیط هواپیما:

 

 

 

       TRANS-AUSTRALIA AIRPORT

1. passaengers who intend to check in at the air port are advised that should they fail to check baggage and obtain seat allocation at least 30 minutes prior to scheduled flight departure time reservation my be forfeited and reallocated.

 

2. passengers using TAA’s servis couch to the airport are asked to report at the city terminal at least 30 minutes befor couch departure time and are requested to obtain seat allocation immidiately on arrival at the airport.

 

 شرکت هواپیمائی (ترنس- استرالیا)

۱. به اطلاع مسافرانی که قصد حضور در فرودگاه را دارند می رسانیم که چنانچه به منظور تحویل بار (و چمدانهای خود) و تعیین شماره صندلی ۳۰ دقیقه قبل از زمان تعیین شده پرواز در فرودگاه حاضر نشوند جای نگهداری شده آنها ممکن است ابطال و به دیگری واگذار شود.

۲. از مسافرانی که برای رسیدن به فرودگاه از سرویس اتوبوس این شرکت استفاده می کنند در خواست می شود که حداقل ۳۰ دقیقه قبل از زمان حرکت اتوبوس در ترمینال شهر حضور یابند و هنگام رسیدن به فرودگاه بی درنگ به دریافت کارت شماره صندلی مبادرت ورزند.

لغات:

check in : حضور در فرودگاه قبل از پرواز به منظور نشان دادن بلیط و تحویل دادن بار و غیره

obtain seat allocation: یعنی شماره مخصوص صندلی خویش را بگیرند

forfait: از دست دادن

TAA: Trance - Australia Airline : علامت اختصاری شرکت هواپیمائی مزبور

couch: اتوبوس

 

 

نمونه دوم:

 

کشتی

 

                                 Inter-city    Sealink

BERTHES AN CABINS ON SHIPS

Berthes and cabins for sailing in each direction may be reserved in advance.

The charges, additional to appropriate fares, are …

First class

Cabin-de-luxe (toilet and shower)

  For two passangers               $7.10 

  For one passanger                $5.55

Single-berth cabin                   $2.95

Berth in 2-berth cabin A Deck   $2.20

Berth in 2-berth cabin E Deck   $1.65

* Occupation must hold first class travel tickets.

Second class

Single-berth cabin                   $2.95

Berth in 2-berth cabin B Deck   $2.00

Berth in 2-berth cabin E Deck   $1.65

The value of unclaimed accommodation cannot be refunded unless notice of cancellation (and berth / cabin ticket) is received at the issuing office not later than 24 hours before time of sailing.

 

 

انترسیتی - سی لینک

تختخواب و اتاق در کشتی

تختخواب و اتاق و خوابگاه برای سفر دریائی را می توان از قبل رزرو کرد. قیمتها علاوه بر بهای بلیت مربوطه به شرح زیر است:

درجه یک

خوابگاه دولوکس (با توالت و دوش)

  باری دو نفر

  برای یک نفر

خوابگاه یکتخته

تخته خواب در اتاق دو تخته عرشه درجه یک

تخته خواب در اتاق دو تخته عرشه درجه سه

× مسافران باید بلیت درجه یک در اختیار داشته باشند.

درجه دو .....

 

در صورت عدم استفاده از تختخواب یا اتاق رزرو شده مبلغ دریافتی مسترد نخواهد گردید مگر آنکه 24 ساعت قبل از زمان سفر ، دفتر مخصوص نگهداری جا را مطلع سازید.

لغات:

Berth: (در کشتی) تخت خواب

In advance : از قبل

Appropriate: مربوطه مناسب

The issue office : دفتر یا اداره ای که از آنجا رزرو کردید

Refund: مسترد کردن مبلغ پول

Unclaimed accommodation: جائی که رزرو شده اما بعدا تصمیم به انصراف دارید

فن ترجمه و دشوار یهای آن

صنعت و هنر ترجمه کار خطیر و دشوار درک و تفسیر موضوعات، معانی، و مفاهیم پدیدآمده در یک زبان (زبان مبدأ)، و سپس انتقال، معادل‌یابی، و بازسازی آنها در زبانی دیگر (زبان مقصد) را بر عهده می‌گیرد.

مترجمان کم‌تجربه در‌ این فنّ ظریف، ممکن است برین باورباشند که در زبان و ترجمه هم، درست همانند علمی دقیق، می‌توان هر واژه و مفهومی را هم به طور دقیق تعریف و درک کرد، و هم آنها را به شیوه‌ای شفاف با پیوند‌های متقابل و کاملا ثابت، از دو حوزۀ زبانی متفاوت به هم اتصال داد. هر چند چنین برخوردی ممکن‌است در مورد زبان‌های برنامه‌نویسی رایانه‌ای و زبان‌های ماشینی دیگر (همچون هوش مصنوعی) تا اندازه‌ای میسّر ‌باشد، در خصوص زبان‌های طبیعی انسانی دور از واقعیّت و امکان‌است.

بیشتر این پیچیدگی‌ها به طبیعت و نقش بی‌همانند زبان در تمامی تجربه‌ها و فرایند‌های حیات انسانی چه در سطوح فردی و شخصیتی، و چه در ترازهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی باز می‌گردد.

کت فورد ترجمه را چنین تعریف کرده است:

جایگزینی مواد متنی یک زبان با مواد متنی معادل در زبان دیگر.

عوامل بسیاری در تبلورمعنایی یک متن دخالت دارند و در درک مطلب یک متن، یعنی شناسایی دقیق این عوامل از جانب مخاطب، گاه ممکن است معنای متکلم و معنای مخاطب با هم تفاوت داشته باشد. یعنی آنچه مورد نظر متکلم است با آنچه مخاطب برداشت میکند، فرق داشته باشد و یا مخاطبان معانی متفاوتی را از یک متن برداشت کنند. این امر بیان کننده این مطلب است که عوامل بسیاری در داد و ستدهای زبانی حاکم اند که متون و ابزارهای نظام زبان (اصوات، دستور و واژگان) تنها یکی از آنها است

چگونه از ارتکاب اشتباه در انگلیسی پرهیز کنید؟

 

زبان‌آموزان اغلب مرتکب اشتباه می‌شوند و با تکرار اشتباهات آنها را تقویت می‌کنند. برای پرهیز از این اشتباهات لازم است نکات زیر را همواره بخاطر داشته باشید:

1- از زبان ساده استفاده کنید. بعضی از مبتدیها تلاش می‌کنند از جملات پیچیده (مثلاً با استفاده از زمان حال کامل یا جملات شرطی) در نوشتار یا گفتارشان استفاده کنند و بدین ترتیب همیشه مرتکب اشتباهات فاحشی می‌شوند. شما این کار را نکنید! اگر به تازگی شروع به نوشتن یا صحبت کردن به انگلیسی کرده‌اید بایستی آنچه را که می‌توانید بگویید (جملات ساده‌ای که بارها دیده‌اید) نه آنچه را که دوست دارید (جملات پیچیده).

2- آهسته و با دقت عمل کنید. در ابتدا سعی کنید بسیار آهسته، ولی با دقت بنویسید. مثلاً شاید لازم باشد برای نوشتن ایمیل یا متنی با ده جمله‌ی صحیح دو ساعت وقت صرف کنید، زیرا باید جملاتتان را چندین بار مرور کنید تا اشتباهاتتان را پیدا کنید. همیشه از یک دیکشنری استفاده کنید تا مطمئن شوید کلمات را به درستی بکار برده‌اید. هنگام تایپ کردن هم حتماً از برنامه‌هایی مانند Microsoft Word استفاده کنید تا به بسیاری از اشتباهات املایی و دستوری خود پی ببرید.

در برنامه‌ی Microsoft Word اشتباهات املایی با خطوط زیگزاگ قرمز رنگ نشان داده می‌شوند. کافی است روی کلمه مورد نظر راست کلیک کرده و از منوی ظاهر شده، کلمه‌ی مورد نظر را انتخاب کنید.

 هنگام حرف زدن عجله نکنید و شمرده صحبت کنید. بهتر است قبل از ادای یک جمله، آن را در ذهنتان مرور کنید.

3- اگر مطمئن نیستید که چطور باید چیزی را بگویید، اصلاً آن را نگویید. اگر نمی‌توانید چیزی را به درستی بگویید، تقریبا همیشه بهتر است که اصلاً آن را نگویید. شما که نمی‌خواهید عادتهای غلط را در خودتان تقویت کنید. شما می‌توانید عبارت یا جمله‌ی صحیح را در یک دیکشنری (در قسمت جملات نمونه) و یا در اینترنت جستجو کنید. اما هنگام صحبت کردن شما فرصت کافی برای انجام این کارها را ندارید، بنابراین بهتر است که چیز دیگری بگویید – چیزی که مطمئن هستید درست است.

4- هنگام نوشتن همیشه جستجو کنید. هر موقع که مطمئن نبودید که چطور از یک لغت استفاده کنید، آن را در یک دیکشنری خوب جستجو کنید تا جملات نمونه‌ی مرتبط با آن را بیابید. اگر چیزی نوشتید و از درست بودن آن مطمئن نبودید، می‌توانید  در اینترنت با استفاده از یک موتور جستجو (مثلاً گوگل) آن را جستجو کنید. اگر شمار زیادی از صفحات، عبارت یا جمله‌ی شما را در بر داشتند، در این صورت (به احتمال خیلی زیاد) جمله یا عبارت شما درست است. دیکشنریـها و موتورهای جستجو بایستی بطور روزمره مورد استفاده‌ی زبان‌آموزان قرار بگیرند، مخصوصاً اگر به تازگی نوشتن را آغاز کرده باشند.

5- به تفاوتهای بین انگلیسی و زبان مادریتان توجه کنید. گاهی اوقات زبان‌آموزان حتی متوجه نیستند که چقدر زبان انگلیسی با زبان مادریشان متفاوت است. آنها موقع صحبت کردن کلمات را به صورت لفظ به لفظ از زبان اصلی‌شان ترجمه می‌کنند و گمان می‌کنند که جملاتشان صحیح هستند.

همیشه سعی کنید هنگام گوش کردن یا خواندن متون انگلیسی به چیزهایی مانند ترتیب لغات، حروف تعریف، حروف اضافه و زمان افعال دقت کنید. جملات انگلیسی را با معادلهای آنها در زبان اصلی‌تان مقایسه کنید و به تفاوتهای موجود در کلمات و ترتیب آنها دقت کنید.

 

خیلی زود اقدام به صحبت کردن یا نوشتن نکنید

اگر به نکاتی که در بالا بدان اشاره شد کاملاً توجه می‌کنید و همچنان موقع صحبت کردن مرتکب اشتباهات زیادی می‌شوید (بیش از 1 اشتباه در هر 3 جمله)، باید برای مدتی فقط به نوشتن بپردازید. به نکات زیر توجه کنید:

1- اول بنویسید، بعد صحبت کنید. نوشتن از صحبت کردن آسانتر است، زیرا: 1)لازم نیست تلفظ خوبی داشته باشید (اما لازم است املای شما خوب باشد)، 2)می‌توانید خیلی آهسته بنویسید، 3)می‌توانید از دیکشنری، اینترنت و... بهره بگیرید. بنابراین، این فکر بسیار خوبی است که ابتدا به تمرین نوشتن بپردازید تا مهارت لازم برای ساختن جملات صحیح هنگام صحبت کردن را پیدا کنید.

2- تا نحوه‌ی تلفظ اصوات انگلیسی را نیاموخته‌اید، اقدام به صحبت کردن نکنید. شما باید قبل از اینکه اقدام به صحبت کردن کنید بتوانید همه‌ی حروف صدادار و بی‌صدا را بطور واضح تلفظ کنید. در غیر این صورت ممکن است تلفظ‌های نادرست در ذهنتان ماندگار شوند.

3- اگر تلفظ صحیح کلمه‌ای را نمی‌دانید، اصلاً آن را ادا نکنید. شما باید تلفظ صحیح همه‌ی کلماتی را که به کار می‌برید، بدانید. در غیر این صورت به خودتان آموزش غلط خواهید داد و همیشه آن کلمه را اشتباه تلفظ خواهید کرد.

اگر حتی زمانی که آرام و با دقت می‌نویسید (همانطور که در بالا شرح داده شد) باز هم مرتکب اشتباهات زیادی می‌شوید (بیش از 1 اشتباه در هر 3 جمله)، شما احتمالاً باید مدتی دست از نوشتن بردارید و به جای آن روی شنیدن و خواندن تمرکز کنید.

به خاطر داشته باشید که در ابتدا باید حجم زیادی از جملات انگلیسی را در ذهنتان وارد کنید و بعد به ساختن جملات خودتان اقدام کنید. فعالیت اصلی شما باید شامل خواندن و شنیدن باشد. هر چقدر مغز شما جملات بیشتری را جذب کند، به همان نسبت توانایی آن برای بیان جملات انگلیسی بیشتر می‌شود.

 

آنچه در کلاسهای زبان اتفاق می‌افتد

ترتیب پیشنهادی ما برای فراگیری یک زبان خارجی عبارتست از: 1-تلفظ2- ورودی(خواندن و شنیدن) 3-نوشتن 4-صحبت کردن. متأسفانه در کلاسهای زبان کاملاً برعکس عمل می‌شود. تقریباً در هیچیک از دوره‌های آموزش زبان در ابتدای کار به شما تلفظ آموزش داده نمی‌شود. در عوض شما را مجبور به صحبت کردن و نوشتن می‌کنند، مثلاً به انگلیسی از شما سؤال می‌کنند یا از شما می‌خواهند یک مطلب به انگلیسی بنویسید. بدین ترتیب آنها شما را مجبور به اشتباه کردن می‌کنند

گفتاری از نهج البلاغه ( A message from Nahjul Balaghah ) | سخنان بزرگان

نشانه هاي مومن واقعي :

مومن واقعي دانش و شكيبايي را با هم به كار مي برد ، با مردم آميزش دارد تا دانش او زياد شود . مومن وسيله معاش خود را از راه پاكيزه و شايسته فراهم مي كند . اگر در مقام پرسش بر مي آيد ، منظورش فهميدن است . سكوت را اختيار مي كند تا از لغزش ها سالم بماند . از زورگويي و ناداني و دروغ مي پرهيزد و خود را از اين ناشايستگي ها بر كنار مي دارد . پرده كسي را نمي درد [ آبروي كسي را به خطر نمي اندارد ] راز كسي را بر ملا نمي سازد و در اسرار مردم امين است . امانت دار است . از كمك با ياران خود كوتاهي نمي كند . اگر از كسي خوبي ديد از آن ياد مي كند [ و سپاسگزار است ] . بسيار بخشنده است بي آنكه اسرافگر باشد و زياده روي كند . نسبت به در ماندگان بسيار مهربان و دلسوز است . در هر مشكلي مي توان به ياري او دل بست .

Signs of a faithful believer :

The faithful believer mixes conscience with patience in his behaviour . He communicates with people in order to increase his knowledge . He earns his livelihood in an honorable manner . He asks everybody to increase his knowledge and keeps silent to avoid mistakes . He avoids coercion , ignorance , lies and keeps always himself from evils . He does not divulge the secret of others . He does not inquire into the secret affairs which does not concern him . He is honest and is trustworthy . He helps those who have helped him . If any person does good to him he remembers it and he is grateful to the doer . He is generous , without prodigality and wastings . He is kind and compassionate to the poor and weak persons , and anyone could expect his help in the difficulties .

 

روش تدریس ربان

LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY OVER THE CENTURIES

There is no single 'best' way of teaching foreign languages. The successful language teacher will not limit himself to one method only, excluding all others. A method which is appropriate with one class on one occasion will not necessarily suit the same class at another time.

For most of us, our method is personal - an ensemble of our techniques, tricks of the trade, ways of presenting materials, ways *in which we analyse and structure the content.

History of language teaching shows it swinging like a pendulum between extremes of method as teachers have searched for different solutions. Tempting to view language teaching methodology as a continuous upward progress through history, not yet perfect but moving towards perfection. But closer analysis of older books on language teaching reveals surprising similarities with present day methodology.

Methodologies are as much a product of their times as educational systems, and rooted in the ideas of their time. Ideas have a habit of coming into and going out of fashion. Many new approaches are rediscoveries of old methods neglected but e-illuminated.

Throughout the middle Ages Latin was the lingua franca of Europe. Before the 13th century no languages other than Latin and Greek were formally taught. Latin was an essential vocational subject for any youth aspiring to further education or to work in the public service - it was the key to the world of scholarship.

Through 15th, 16th and 17th centuries - gradual decline of Latin as accepted lingua franca. The rise of the vernaculars and their diffusion through the new technology of printing led to a gradual separation of functions. Latin was still the key to literature and thought, but the vernacular took over its social role as a language of everyday communication.

The court of Charles II in the 17th century brought in the French language, which was to become the diplomatic language of the time. Towards the close of the 18th century the French Revolution provided England with scores of first class French scholars, exiled aristocrats - all resorted to giving private lessons as a living.

In the 19th century the modern language breakthrough continued with Germany leading the way - due to the prestige of German philosophers (Humboldt, Kant and Hegel, German science and technology, literature (Goethe and Schiller), music (Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven).

Most famous language methodologist of 17th century was J A Comenius (1592-1670). Languages at this time were being taught by oral methods for communicative purposes. The works of Comenius stress the importance of the senses rather than the mind, the importance of physical activity in the classroom. He is best known for his use of pictures in language teaching. Much in Comenius is surprisingly modern. "The exemplar should always come first, the precept should always follow".

At the same time the philosopher, John Locke, was also laying emphasis on oral skills: "French should be talked into the child ... Grammar is only for those who have the language already".

Yet by the end of his life Comenius had done a complete volte-face - renounced his earlier ideas and was proposing the learning of a language from pre-set rules of grammar. The Age of Reason had arrived. Renaissance man was a doer, but 17th and 18th century man was a thinker. Language for the man of reason was governed by logic. The basic rules of language were embedded in grammar and the art of translation was central to language learning.

The Grammar/Translation method was born, which was to continue in Britain well into the 19th century - reflecting an educational system which was geared to logical thinking and to teaching an elite of cultivated minds.

LOVE In Famous Sayiny

 

 

Don't find love, let love find you. That's why it's
called falling in love, because you don't force
yourself to fall, you just fall.

~ Unknown ~

 

Lucky is the man who is the first love of a woman,
but luckier is the woman who is the last love of a man.

~ Unknown ~

 

It takes a minute to have a crush on someone,
an hour to like someone, and an day to love someone...
but it takes a lifetime to forget someone.

~ Unknown ~

 

It breaks your heart to see the one you love is happy
with someone else, but it's more painful to know that
the one you love is unhappy with you.

~ Unknown ~

 

If love is the answer,
can you please repeat the question?

~ Unknown ~

 

Faith makes all things possible.
Love makes them easy.

~ Unknown

 

I believe that to truly Love, is the ultimate
expression of the will to live. A heart that
truly loves is forever young.

~ Unknown ~

 

Love makes life so confusing, but without love
would you really want to live?

~ Unknown ~

  

Love me now, love me never,
but if you love me, love me forever.

~ Unknown ~

 

Three things of life that are most valuable -
Love, self-confidence & friends.

~ Unknown ~

 

To the world you may be just one person,
but to one person you may be the world.

~ Unknown ~

 

Who do you turn to when the only person
in the world that can stop you from crying,
is exactly the one making you cry?

~ Unknown ~

 

Many a young lady does not realize just how strong
her love for a young man is until he fails to pass
the approval test with her parents.

~ Unknown ~

 

Is it better for a woman to marry a man who loves her
than a man she loves.

~ Unknown ~

 

Give her two red roses, each with a note.

The first note says 'For the woman I love' and the second, 'For my best friend.'

~ Unknown ~

 

A good marriage is like a casserole,
only those responsible for it really
know what goes in it.

~ Unknown ~

 

Love, true love, is that which can give the most
without asking or demanding anything in return.

~ Mazie Hammond ~

 

All, everything that I understand,
I understand only because I love.

~ Leo Tolstoy ~

 

Love cures people -- both the ones who give it
and the ones who receive it.

~ Dr. Karl Ménage ~

 

One word frees us of all the weight and pain of life:
That word is love.

~ Sophocles ~

 

It is wrong to think that love comes from long companionship
and persevering courtship. Love is the offspring of spiritual
affinity and unless that affinity is created in a moment, it
will not be created for years or even generations.

~ Khalil Gibran ~

 

When they asked me what I loved most about life,
I smiled and said you.

~ Tina ~

 

Just because you know someone doesn't mean you love them,
and just because you don't know people doesn't mean you can't
love them. You can fall in love with a complete stranger in a
heartbeat, if God planned that route for you. So open your heart
to strangers more often. You never know when God will throw
that pass at you.

~ Heather Grove ~

 

Love... What is love? Love is to love someone
for who they are, who they were, and who they will be.

~ Chris Moore ~

 

Why do you say you love me,
if you are only going to leave me?

~ Julia ~

 

Love is like a river, always changing,
but always finding you again somewhere
down the road.

~ Kelly Elaine ~

 

Love is a language spoken by everyone,
but understood only by a heart.

~ Shirley Rindani ~

 

It doesn't take a reason to love someone,
but it does to like someone. You don't love
someone because you want to, you love someone
because you are destined too. It's because you
fall in Love with them, that you then try to
find a reason, but you always come up with
the answer, No reason!

~ Unknown ~

 

 

100 Kisses

One person wrote a letter to his wife: "Dear Sweet Heart, I can't send my salary this month, so I am sending 100 kisses. You are my sweetheart" His wife replied back after some days to her husband: "Dearest sweetheart, Thanks for your 100 kisses, I am sending the expenses details.

1. Milk man was agreed on 2 kisses

2. Teacher agreed on 7 kisses

3. Our house owner is coming every day and taking two or three kisses of mine

4. Vegetable and food shop keeper was not agreeing with kisses only, so I have given some other items to him ...........

5. Others 40 kisses.

Please don't worry for me, I have balance 35 kisses and I hope I can complete this month. Shall I plan same way for next months?

Please advise,

Your Sweet Heart

Time and Love - Story

Time and Love

Once upon a time there was an island where all the feelings lived:

Happiness, Sadness, Knowledge, and all the others, including Love.

One day it was announced to all of the feelings that the island was going to sink to the bottom of the ocean. All the feelings prepared their boats to leave. Love was the only one that stayed.

 She wanted to preserve the island paradise until the last possible moment.

When the island was almost totally under, Love decided it was time to leave. She began looking for someone to ask for help.

Just then Richness was passing by in a grand boat. Love asked Richness, "Can I come with you on your boat?" Richness answered, "I'm sorry, but there is a lot of silver and gold on my boat and there would be no room for you anywhere."

Love then decided to ask Vanity, who was passing in a beautiful vessel, for help. Love cried out, "Vanity, help me please." "I can't help you," Vanity said, "You are all wet and will damage my beautiful boat."

Next Love saw Sadness passing by. Love said, "Sadness, please let me go with you." Sadness answered, "Love, I'm sorry, but I just need to be alone now."

Then Love saw Happiness. Love cried out, "Happiness, please take me with you." But Happiness was so overjoyed that he didn't hear Love calling to him.

Love began to cry. Then she heard a voice say, "Come Love, I will take you with me." It was an elder. Love felt so blessed and overjoyed that she forgot to ask the elder his name. When they arrived on land the elder went on his way. Love realized how much she owed the elder.

Love then found Knowledge and asked, "Who was it that helped me?" "It was Time," Knowledge answered. "But why did Time help me when no one else would?" Love asked. Knowledge smiled and with deep wisdom and sincerity answered, "Because only Time is capable of understanding how great Love is."

When I born, I Black

اين شعر متعلق به يك كودك افريقايي است كه نامزد دريافت جايزه بهترين شعر سال 2005 شد

 

When I born, I Black

 When I grow up, I Black,
 When I go in Sun, I Black,
 When I scared, I Black,
 When I sick, I Black,
 And when I die, I still black.

 

And you White fella,

When you grow up, you White,

When you go in Sun, you Red,
 When you cold, you blue,

When you scared, you yellow,

 When you sick, you Green,
And when you die, you Gray

And you calling me colored??

 Sunny Global

مقالاتArticles

Reading and Listening Are The Keys To Unconscious Communications

Many English learners believe that they must memorize all or most of the rules of English grammar in order to be able to speak it correctly. Some students and teachers even think that studying grammar is a “shortcut” or faster way to improve someone’s English. Unfortunately, this is usually not true, especially for speaking and listening. When you are speaking or listening, you usually don’t have time to stop and think about specific grammar rules consciously. If you did, you would have to speak…very…slowly…like…this! Most of what we use when we communicate is “unconscious”; that is, we use knowledge that we don’t have to think about or even know the rules for.

Here’s a very important point to understand: The best way to be able to use good grammar is to listen and to read English you can understand. Most native speakers of English can’t explain to you the rules of grammar, but they can speak and write English without any problems. How is this possible? Because they have listened and read a lot of English, and they “know” the rules unconsciously, without having to think about them. For you to get this same ability, you only need to listen and read as much as you can in English.

All Depends On Your Perspective

All Depends On Your Perspective - (Thanks To David Joyce For Sharing This With Us.)

A professor stood before her Philosophy 101 class and had some items in front of her. When the class began, wordlessly, she picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise jar and proceeded to fill it with golf balls.

She then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was. So the professor picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. She shook the jar lightly.

The pebbles, of course, rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. She then asked the students again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.

The professor then picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar.  Of course, the sand filled up everything else. She then asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous - yes.

The professor then produced two cans of liquid chocolate from under the table and proceeded to pour the entire contents into the jar effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed.

"Now," said the professor, as the laughter subsided, "I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life. The golf balls are the
important things - - your family, your spouse, your health, your children, your friends, your favorite passions - - things that if everything
else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full.

"The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car." "The sand is everything else - - the small stuff."
"If you put the sand into the jar first," she continued, "there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for your life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical to your happiness. "Take care of the golf balls first the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The rest is just sand."

One student raised her hand and inquired what the chocolate represented.

The professor smiled. "I'm glad you asked. It just goes to show you that no matter how full your life may seem, there's always room for chocolate!"

Special Days In Brief

Special Days In Brief

 

April Fool's Day ( All Fool's Day )

Day on the first of April when friends and family play jokes on one another.

 

 

Christmas Day

The festival of Christ's birth celebrated by most Christian Churches on 25 December.

 

 

Halloween (  Hallowe'en )

Holiday celebrated on the evening of October 31 observed by children dressed in costumes who go from door-to-door collecting candy.

 

 

Independence Day

A day celebrating the anniversary of national independence; esp. 4 July in the US, commemorating the making of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.

 

 

New year's Day

Holiday on January 1st which celebrates the beginning of a new year.

 

 

Thanksgiving Day

National holiday of feasting and giving thanks for divine blessings or goodness (celebrated on the last Thursday in November in the United States and on the second Monday in October in Canada).

 

 

Valentine's Day

Holiday observed in North America and in some European countries on February 14th in which people exchange tokens of love and affection (particularly between sweethearts).

 

All Saints' Day

Church festival celebrated on November 1st in honor of all of the saints.

 

لغات پر کاربرد

لغات پر کاربرد خبری انگلیسی قسمت دوم 

 

 

Bridge: A structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one

side to the other

Brief: Short. Not long

Bright: Giving much light. Strong and clear in color

Broadcast: To send information, stories or music by radio or television. A radio or television

program

Budget: A spending plan

Building: Anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment

Bullet: A small piece of metal shot from a gun

Burn: To be on fire. To destroy or damage by fire

Burst: To break open suddenly

Bury: To put into the ground and cover with earth

Calm: Quiet. Peaceful. Opposite tense

Camp: A place with temporary housing

Campaign: A competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters. A

connected series of military actions during a war

Cancer: A disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body

Candidate: A person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor

Capital: The official center of a government. The city where a country's government is

Capitalism: An economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and

operated for profit by private citizens or companies

Capture: To make a person or animal a prisoner. To seize or take by force. To get control of

Care: To like. To protect. To feel worry or interest

Carry: To take something or someone from one place to another

Case( court): A legal action

Case( medical): An incident of disease

Catch: To seize after a chase. To stop and seize with the hands

Cause: To make happen. The thing or person that produces a result

Ceasefire: A halt in fighting, usually by agreement

Celebrate: To honor a person or event with special activities

Center: The middle of something. The place in the middle. A place that is the main point of an

activity

Century: One hundred years

Ceremony: An act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition

Chairman: A person leading a meeting or an organized group

Champion: The best. The winner

Chance: A possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen

Charge: To accuse someone of something, usually a crime. A statement in which someone is

accused of something

Chase: To run or go after someone or something

Cheat: To get by a trick. To steal from

Cheer: To shout approval or praise

Chemicals: Elements found in nature or made by people. Substances used in the science of

chemistry

Chemistry: The scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different

conditions, and how they form other substances

Chief: The head or leader of a group. Leading. Most important

Circle: A closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "o"

Citizen: A person who is a member of a country by birth or by law

Civilian: Not military

Civil rights: The political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation

Claim: To say something as a fact

Clash: A battle. To fight or oppose

Clear: Easy to see or see through. Easily understood

Clergy: A body of officials within a religious organization

Climate: The normal weather conditions of a place

Climb: To go up something by using the feet and sometimes the hands

Coal: A solid black substance used as fuel

Coalition: Forces, groups or nations joined together

Coast: Land on the edge of the ocean

Coffee: A drink made from the plant of the same name

Collect: To bring or gather together in one place. To demand and receive

Colony: Land controlled by another country or government

Combine: To mix or bring together

Command: To order. To have power over something

Comment: To say something about. To express an opinion about something

Committee: A group of people given special work

Common: Usual. Same for all

 Communicate: To tell. To give or exchange information

Community: A group of people living together in one place or area

Company: A business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes

Compare: To examine what is different or similar

Compete: To try to do as well as, or better than, another or others

Complete: Having all parts. Ended or finished

Complex: having many parts that are difficult to understand. Not simple

Compromise: The settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first

demanded

Computer: An electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating

with others

Concern: Interest, worry, to fear

Condemn: To say a person or action is wrong or bad

Condition: Something declared necessary to complete an agreement. A person's health

Conference: A meeting

Confirm: To approve. To say that something is true

Conflict: A fight. A battle, especially a long one

Congratulate: To praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck

Congress: The organization of people elected to make the laws of the united states

Connect: To join one thing to another. To unite. To link

Conservative: One who usually supports tradition and opposes great change

Consider: To give thought to. To think about carefully

Constitution: The written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government

Contain: To hold. To include

Container: A box, bottle can used to hold something

Continent: Any of the seven great land areas of the world

Continue: To go on doing or being

Convention: A large meeting for a special purpose

Cool: Almost cold

Cooperate: To act or work together

Corn: A food grain

Correct: True. Free from mistakes. To change to what is right

Cost: The price or value of something, to be valued at

Cotton: A material made from a plant of the same name

Count: To speak or add numbers

Court: Where trials take place. Where judges make decisions about law

Cover: To put something over a person or thing. Anything that is put over a person or thing

Cow: A farm animal used for its milk

Crash: To fall violently. To hit with great force

Create: To make. To give life or form to

Creature: Any living being. Any animal or human

Credit: An agreement that payments will be made at a later time

Crew: A group of people working together

Crime: An act that violates a law

Criminal: A person who is responsible for a crime

Crisis: An extremely important time when something may become much better or worse. A

dangerous situation

---

روش سریع آموزش انگلیسی...

روش سریع آموزش انگلیسی...

 

در گفتگو یا گپ های نوشتاری اینترنتی

این مقاله در شماره 95 مجله تخصصی کامپیوتر چاپ شده است

... و بالاخره به نقطه ای در دنیای حرکت پرشتاب غول اطلاعات رسیده ائیم که گریزی از یادگیری زبان انگلیسی نداریم و این نیاز هر لحظه شدیدتر احساس میشود. از طرفی کلاسهای رنگارنگ زبان به دلیل طولانی بودن و خروجی های حاصله جوابگوی نیاز روز نیستند. چر که تاکید بیش از حد بر گرامر و حفظ نمودن لغات ، مانعی بزرگ در رسیدن به حداقل توانائی لازم برای ایجاد ارتباط است. و شاید این سخن پر بیراه نباشد که گفتن یک جمله با رعایت نکات گرامری در زبانی پر از استثناء و جمله بندی با لغاتی دارای معانی متفاوت و گاه متضاد، عملا غیر ممکن است. این یادداشت پیشنهاد یک روش تجربی با به کار بستن تمامی دانسته های قبلی فرد، در جهت کسب توانایی برای گفتگوی نوشتاری انگلیسی دراینترنت است.

امروزه با گسترش ایتترنت،  سایتهایی نظیر یاهو، سرویس گفتگو را به صورت مستقل ارائه میدهند. اتاقهای متنوع این سایتها امکان تبادل افکار و اطلاعات را بین مردم کل جهان میسر ساخته اند. در این اتاقها میتوان به اطلاعات کلیدی خاصی دسترسی پیدا کرد که در سایر سرویسهای اینترنتی میسر نیست. جهت استفاده از سرویس گفتگوی اینترنتی داشتن حداقلی از معلومات انگلیسی یک ضرورت اولیه است. اگر جسارت آغاز را یافتیم به زودی در خواهیم یافت که زیستن در یک محیط نیمه واقعی میتواند موقعیتی باشد که از لحاظ هزینه و سرعت یادگیری با هیچ کلاسی قابل مقایسه نیست.

همانطوری که میدانید نسبت لغاتی که هر فرد با آن نیازهای گفتاری خود را مرتفع میسازد به کل کلمات هر زبانی بسیار پائین است. بعبارت دیگر کل کلماتی که هر کدام از ما عموما به هنگام صحبت کردن بکار میبریم از دو یا سه هزار کلمه تجاوز نمیکند. از طرفی انسانها به دلیل اختلافاتی چون فرهنگ، میزان تحصیلات، موقعیت شغلی و اجتماعی دایره لغات متفاوتی داشته و شیوه جمله بندی آنها با یکدیگر فرق میکند. بطور کلی میتوان گفت که در ذهن هر فرد برای زبان یک اسکلت بندی یا ساختار وجود دارد که مختص خود اوست. یکی از مشکلات آموزش زبان،  سعی در جایگزینی ساختار زبان موجود در ذهن ما، با ساختار زبان خارجی است.  این جایگزینی در بین افراد یک زبان نیز غیر ممکن است، چه رسد به دو زبان و دو فرهنگ کاملا متفاوت و گاه متضاد. پس نتیجه میگیریم که محدوده لغات و نوع جملاتی که مورد نیاز من است شاید برای شما کاملا بیهوده باشد. روشی که نگارنده سعی در تشریح آن دارد بیش از چند روز وقت شما را نخواهد گرفت. بنابراین در صورت قبول منطق آن، ارزش امتحان کردن خواهد داشت. در این روش علیرغم ارتباط ارگانیک بین فهمیدن و گفتن، برای حصول به نتیجه بهتر برای هر کدام روش متفاوتی پیشنهاد میگردد.

فهمیدن: چون گفتگوی اینترنتی عموما بصورت نوشتاری صورت میگیرد و با توجه به سیستم آموزشی ما، که عمدتا برمبنای ترجمه بوده است، در این قسمت با مشکل زیادی مواجه نیستیم، اما موارد زیر به بهبود امر فهمیدن کمک خواهد نمود. 1- قبل از شروع بحث موضوعی را انتخاب کرده  و در مورد آن فکر کنید. 2- از دیکشنریهای آن لاین که با کلیک بر روی هر لغت معنی فارسی آنرا نمایش میدهند (مانند Babylon) استفاده کنید. 3- سعی کنید منظور گوینده را حدس بزنید. 4- جملاتی نظیر "منظور شما از لغت فلان چیست؟" یا "منظورتان را متوجه نشدم" و یا "لطفا توضیح بیشتری در مورد این مطلب بدهید" اکثرا کار ساز است. به یاد داشته باشید که اینگونه سوالات اکثرا در بین خودمان نیز اتفاق می افتد. 5-  اگر باز هم متوجه منظور گوینده نشدید از موضوع رد شده و به گفتگو ادامه دهید.

گفتن: با توجه به آنچه رفت قبل از شروع به صحبت کردن در زبان بیگانه ابتدا باید ساختار فعلی زبان خود را پیدا کنیم. با کشف اسکلت زبان خود توانائی گفتن تمامی احساسات و افکار خود را پیدا خواهیم کرد و چون برای یک هدف مشخص کاربردی تلاش میکنیم هر روز به مهارتهای گفتاری ما افزوده خواهد شد. مراحل پیشنهادی برای کشف ساختار زبان به قرار زیر است.1-  یک دستگاه ضبط صوت کوچک (واکمن) تهیه کنید. 2- همانطوری که در موقعیتهای مختلف (گفتگوی تلفنی، گفتگو با اعضای خانواده و ...) با زبان مادری خودتان بصورت طبیعی صحبت میکنید، صدای خود را ضبط کنید. برخی از موقعیتها را نیز میتوان بصورت ذهنی شبیه سازی کرد. مثلا آینه را فرد خاصی تصور کنید و با او حرف بزنید، عصبانی بشوید، بهترین و بدترین حرفهایتان را که معمولا بکار میبرید به او بگوئید. هرچه تنوع این مو قعیتها بیشتر باشد، نقشه اسکلت زبان شما دقیقتر ترسیم خواهد شد. 3-  نتیجه مرحله قبلی چند عدد نوار کاست است که حاوی صحبتهای شماست، در این مرحله محتویات کاستها را بر روی کاغذ پیاده کنید. 4- متن حاصله را بصورت مفاهیم کامل جدا کنید. یک مفهوم کامل میتواند یک کلمه ( مانند سلام )، یک جمله و یا چند جمله باشد. اما تا آنجائیکه امکان دارد جملات را به کوتاهترین شکل جدا کنید مثلا جمله "من به مدرسه رفتم و او را دیدم" را دو جمله در نظر بگیرید. 5- جملات تکراری را حذف کنید. 6- برخی از جملات ساختار یکسانی دارند مثلا دو جمله "من به مدرسه رفتم" و "من بیمارستان رفتم" را در نظر بگیرید. در این حالت جمله دوم را حذف ولی لغت بیمارستان را نگه دارید. 7- نتیجه حاصله مجموعه ای با چند صد لغت و جمله خواهد بود که  نقشه گنج ساختار زبان فعلی شماست. از یک نفر مسلط به زبان انگلیسی بخواهید جملات و لغات شما را ترجمه کند. سعی کنید ترجمه بصورتی صورت گیرد که کاملا بیانگر احساس شما باشد ضمنا همانطوری که میدانید گاهی ترجمه دقیق ممکن نیست اما یافتن جمله ای مشابه همیشه امکان دارد. 8- بخش انگلیسی مجموعه را تایپ کرده و با نرم افزارهائی چون etalk و یا English learning assistant صدای آنرا ضبط کرده و سعی کنید آنها را حفظ کنید. 9- حالا شما میتوانید گفتگوی خود را آغاز کرده و از نتیجه حاصله لذت ببرید.

امکانات کمکی: با رعایت نکات زیر گفتگوی روانتری خواهید داشت. 1- آنجا که انگشتان بجای زبان سخن میگوید لازم است سرعت تایپ خود را بهبود بخشید. در گفتگوی اینترتی شاید بتوان گفت سرعت تایپ به اندازه خود زبان اهمیت دارد. 2- قبل از شروع، موضوع و هدف گفتگو را مشخص کنید. 3- دوستان انگلیسی زبان مناسبی پیدا کرده و ارتباط سالمی با آنها ایجاد کنید. در یک محیط دوستانه استعدادهایتان بیشتر شکوفا خواهد شد. 4-  از گفتن جمله "ببخشید انگلیسی من ضعیف است" نهراسید، مسخره لهجه ها نشانه توسعه نیافتگی است. 5- اگر در پیدا کردن لغتی مشکل دارید بجای آن .... بگذارید، احتمالا دوست شما لغت مناسب را حدس خواهد زد. 6- از طرف گفتگو برای یافتن لغتی کمک بگیرید 7- از اشکال مخصوص اتاقهای گفتگو مانند L ، J استفاده کنید. 8- از اختصارات اینترنتی جهت افزایش سرعت تایپ خود و جلوگیری از غلطهای املائی سود ببرید. مثلا asl? بیانگر سه جمله "چند سال دارید؟" ، "جنسیت شما چیست؟" و "اهل کجا هستید؟" میباشد. 9- گاهی بجای جمله میتوانید از لغت استفاده کنید. مثلا age? بجای How old are you? . 10- خلاصه نویسی کنید r=are  ، u=you ، smth=something و ... 11- از دوستانتان بخواهید اشتباهات شما را اصلاح کنند. 12- اگر جمله جدیدی یاد گرفتید آنرا به لیست مجموعه خود اضافه کرده و سعی کنید آنرا بکار برید. 13- در انگلیسی کلمه sorry  از سوء تفاهمات جلوگیری میکند . 14- زیادی نگران گرامرواملای لغات نباشید.

گزیده ضرب المثلهای انگلیسی(1)

اعمال از کلمات بلندتر حرف می زنند.     . Actions speak louder than words

تنهایی از در جمع بد بودن بهتر است.        Better to be alone than in bad company.

ظواهر گمراه کننده اند.                        . Appearances are dec eptive

گدایان هرگز نمیتوانند ور شکست باشند.     Beggars can never be bankrupt.

سگی که پارس میکند هرگز گاز نمیگیرد.    Abarking dog never bites.

اگرنمیتونی آنها رو شکست بدی بهشون ملحق شو.   If you can’t beat them,join them.

زیبایی فقط ظاهری نیست.          Beauty isonly skin-deap.

زنبور مشغول وقتی برای غم ندارد.    The busy bee has no time for sorrow.

دیدن باور کردن است.         Seeing is believing.

خمیدن از شکستن بهتر است.    Better bend than break.

از گرگ در لباس گوسفند بر حذر باش.  Beware of the wolf in the sheep’s clothing.         

عشق کور است.               Love is blind.

درسرزمین کوران مرد یک چشم پادشاه است.    In the country of the blind,the one-eye man is king .  

یک کتاب مثل یک خانه پر از طلاست.            A book holds a house of gold.

کار قبل از خوشی.          Business before pleasure.

بهتر است شمعی را روشن کنی Better to light a candle, than to curse the darkness.

 تا اینکه تاریکی را دشنام دهی    Better to light a candle, than to curse the darkness.          

من فکر میکنم شما دارید قصری در هوا میسازید. I think you are building a castle in the air.  

زیبایی و حماقت اغلب همنشین هستند       Beauty and folly are often companion.

یک مرد با افرادی که با آنهاست شناخته میشود.   A man is known by the company he keeps.

تعداد زیاد آشپز اشکنه را خراب میکند.          Too many cooks spoil the broth.

مرد باهوش به وسیله اشتباهات دیگران      By other's faults wise man correct his own.

اشتباهات خودش را اصلاح میکند.

زمان هر چیزی را درمان میکند        Time cures all things.

سپیده دم برای بیدار کردن مرد دو بار نمی آید.      The dawn does not come twice to awaken a man.

  

چگونه به آساني انگليسي صحبت كنيم؟

 

چرا شما ميتوانيد براحتي انگليسي بخوانيد ولي نمي توانيد خوب صحبت كنيد؟

اگر بخواهيد فقط يك مقاله در باره " چگونه انگليسي صحبت كنيم؟ "  بخوانيد ، اين همان است. تمام اين مقاله را خوانده و روش خود را در مطالعه انگليسي تغيير دهيد.

 

 

ترجمه از زباني به زبان ديگر خط و مش درستي نيست چرا كه آن ارتبطات را كاهش مي دهد.

محققين ثابت كرده اند كه ترجمه و مطالعات گرامري براي اكثر دانش آموزان كاربردي ندارد.   "دكتر جيمز آشر"

 

اگر شما انگليسي ياد ميگيريد تا

با افراد انگليسي زبان صحبت كنيد

توانائي مكالمه خود را بالا ببريد

تلويزيون و فيلمها را بفهميد

دوستان جديد انگليسي زبان پيدا كنيد

مجبوريد مهمترين حقيقت در باره " چگونه انگليسي صحبت كنيم؟ " را بدانيد.

 

مهمترين راز براي آموزش مكالمه انگليسي چيست؟

چه رازي است كه هرگز در مدرسه به شما گفته نميشود؟

 

بدقت گوش كنيد

راز اول: هرگز گرامر مطالع نكنيد . درست است ، هرگز

اين دقيقا برعكس آن چيزي است كه در مدرسه به شما گفته ميشود. درسته؟

شما از زماني كه شروع به فراگيري زبان انگليسي كرده ائيد تا به امروز ، احتمالا تمركزتان بر روي گرامر بوده  است و قوانين دستوري را حفظ تموده ائيد. كتب گرامري خوانده ائيد. معلمانتان به شما ياد داده اند كه "گرامر كليد انگليسي است" . آنها اشتباه مي كرده اند ، كاملا اشتباه

 

اينجا نكاتي است كه ضمن خواندن اين مقاله ياد خواهيد گرفت.

چرا 95% مدارس آموزش انگليسي شكست مي خورند؟

چگونه آنها قوانين آموزش انگليسي را نقض ميكنند؟ و براي آموزش دانش آموزانشان جهت صحبت كردن موفق نميشوند؟

چرا آموزشهاي گرامري بي تاثيرند؟

چرا اين آموزشها ميتوانند توانائي مكالمه شما را نابود كنند؟

چگونه ميتوانيد مجموعه كلمات خود را افزايش داده و بهنگام حرف زدن از آنها بهره بريد؟

چگونه درك مطلب خود را افزايش دهيد و سليس تر صحبت كنيد؟

اگر درست مطالعه كنيد ، نميتوانيد شكست بخوريد

 

اگر ميخواهيد همانند بومي زباني ديگر حرف بزنيد مجبور نيستيد آنرا در كودكي بياموزيد بلكه بايد مثل كودكان بياموزيد   "دكتر ماروين براون"

 

قدرت واقعي آموزش انگليسي

گرامر كليد مكالمه انگليسي نيست ، گوش دادن كليد آنست.

 

كودكان بهترين زبان آموزان هستند. چون آنه از روي كتابه و گرامر ياد نمي گيرند آنها ابتدا با شنيدن مي آموزند و سپس با شنيدن بعلاوه خواندن

 

 

قسمت دوم را در پست های بعدي خواهيم آورد

نكـــــاتي درباره ي no-any-some

 

نكـــــاتي درباره ي no-any-some

 

some به معني مقداري يا تعدادي صفت مقدار مي باشد و مي تواند قبل از اسمهاي قابل شمارش جـمع و همچنين قبل از اسمهاي غير قابل شمارش بكار رود .

 

I have some books.

I have some money.

Some

 اغلب در جمــلات مثبت بــكار مي رود و معادل آن در جملات منفي و سـوالي كلمه ي any  به معني هيچ يا اصــلأ مي باشد . توضيح اينكه any همــانند some مـي تواند هم قبـل از اسمهاي قابــل شمارش جمع و هم قبل از اسمهاي غير قابل شمارش بكار رود .

 

There are some pens on the table.

There are not any pens on the table.

Are there any pens on the table?

 

 تذكر1 : در جمـــلات منفي مي توانيم تركيب not any را حذف كرده و بجاي آنــــها كلمـه ي no را قـرار دهيم . no نيز همــانند some و any هم قبل از اسمهاي قابــــل شمارش جمـع و هم قبــــل از اسمهاي غير قابل شمارش بكار مي رود .

تذكر2 : no در جملات مثبت بكار مي رود ولي به جمله مفهوم منفي مي بخشد .

 

There are not any pens on the table.

There are no pens on the table.

 

I did not drink any milk.

I drank no milk.

 

 يادآوري :كلمات مركبي كه با some – any و no ساخته مي شوند نيزاز قوانين فوق پيروي مي كنند.

somebody – someone - something

anybody – anyone - anything

nobody - no one - nothing

 

I see somebody in the library.

She didn't eat anything.

You will say nothing.

 

زير گرينه ي درست خط بكشيد.

1. I didn't see …………….. money in the box .

a.any                    b.no                          c.many                        d.some             

 

2. Do you see ……………. snow on the ground ?

a.no                      b.many                     c.any                           d.some

 

3. There is …………… water in the glass.

a.no                      b.some                     c.little                          d.a,b and c

 

4. I didn’t ask …………… to help me.

a.nobody              b.somebody                c.anybody                      d.a and c

 

جملات مجهول

جملات معلوم و مجهول

جمله ي معلوم : جمله ي معلوم جمله اي است كه فاعل آن مشخص باشد .

جمله ي مجهول : جمله ي مجهول جمله اي است كه فاعل آن ( كننده ي كار ) مشخص نيست .

 اينگونه جملات را هنگامي بكار مي بريم كه :

1- فاعل جمله مشخص نباشد .

2- فاعل از درجه ي اهميت كمي برخوردار باشد لذا گوينده از ذكر آن خودداري مي كند و يا اينكه فاعل  را در آخر جمله ذكر مي كند .                                     

3- مفعول و نوع عمل از اهميت ويژه اي برخوردار باشد .

طريقه مجهول كردن جملات معلوم

براي تبديل جملات معلوم به مجهول مراحل زير را انجام مي دهيم :

1- مفعول جمله ي معلوم را به ابتداي جمله ي مجهول انتقال مي دهيم .

2- با توجه به زمان فعل جمله ي معلوم از يكي از افعال to be استفاده مي كنيم .

تذكر1 : چنانچه فعل جمله ي معلوم حال ساده باشد از يكي از افعال am-are-is استفاده مي كنيـــم .

           چنانچه فعل جمله ي معلوم گذشته ساده باشد از يكي از افعال was-were استفاده مي كنيم .

           چنانچه فعل جمله ي معلوم آينده ساده باشد از فعل will be استفاده مي كنيم .

           چنانچه فعل جمله معلوم ماضي نقلي باشد از have/has been استفاده مي كنيم.

           چنانچه فعل جمله معلوم ماضي بعيد باشد از had been استفاده مي كنيم.

           چنانچه فعل جمله معلوم آينده قصدي باشد از am/is/are going to be استفاده مي كنيم.

تذكر2 : فعل to be را متناسب با مفعول جمله ي مجهول بكار مي بريم .

3- اسم مفعول ( شكل سوم فعل ) فعل اصلي جمله ي معلوم را بعد از فعل to be در جمله ي مجــهول    بكار مي بريم .

4- بقيه ي جمله ي معلوم را پس از اسم مفعول در جمله ي مجهول بازنويسي مي كنيم .

يادآوري : جملات معلومي را مي توان به مجهول تبديل كرد كه فعل آن متعددي  بوده و پس آن مفعول  بكار رفته باشد .بنابراين جملات معلومي كه فعل آن لازم باشد را نمي توان به مجهول تبديل كرد زيرا در اينگونه جملات مفعول وجود ندارد .

                       بقيه ي جمله + مفعول + فعل اصلي + فاعل = جمله ي مـعلوم 

بقيه ي جمله + اسم مفعول + يكي از اشكال to be + مفعول = جمله ي مجهول

تذكر : چنانچه مفعول در جمله ي معلوم بشكل ضمير مفعولي بكار رفته باشد هنگامي كه آنرا به ابتداي

         جمله ي مجهول منتقل مي كنيم مي بايست آنرا بشكل ضمير فاعلي مشابهش تبديل كنيم .

me                       I                             us                        we 

you                    you                         you                       you

him                     he                          them                    they

her                     she   

it                         it    

نمونه سوال

زير گزينه ي درست خط بكشيد .  

1.The film ………………… at school two days ago .

a.showed                  b.is showed                     c.was showed                 d.shows

 

2………………. the car be washed ?

a.Is                           b.Will                               c.Does                            d.Did

 

3.A new school will be ……………… near our house next year .

a.build                      b.builds                            c.building                       d.built

 

4.This car ……………. repeired every day .

a.will                        b.will be                           c.is                                  d.was

 

5.They ……………… seen in the park last week .

a.aren’t                     b.weren’t                          c.will                               d.will be

جملات زير را به مجهول تبديل كنيد .

1.He passed the water to Ali .

………………………………

2.I will teach English naxt year .

…………………………………

3.He did his homework yesterday.

…………………………………...

4.They show the cartoon on Sundays .

……………………………………….

5.Did Neda repair the watch last night.

……………………………………….

شكل صحيح افعال داخل پرانتز را در نقطه چين بنويسيد .

1.This house …………………….. ( build ) two years ago .

2.Two men ……………………… ( kill ) in the accident .

3.The sick man …………………… ( take ) to the hospital .

4.Many people will be …………………… ( invite ) to the party .

5.A letter was …………………. ( write ) yesterday .

بجاي نقطه چين از شكل صحيح فعل to be استفاده كنيد .

1.The tickets ……………. bought last night .

2……………. the rooms be cleaned tomorrow .

3.The dishes …………….. not washed every day

كلمـــــــات پرسشي

كلمـــــــات پرسشي

 

 

 

كلمات پرسشي به دو دسته تقسيم مي شوند :

الف) كلمات پرسشي دسته ي اول :

بعد از كلمات پرسشي دسته ي اول همواره جمله به شكل سوالي بكار مي رود.

ب) كلمات پرسشي دسته ي دوم :

بعد از كلمات پرسشي دسته ي دوم ابتدا اسم بكار رفته و پس از اسم جمله به شكل سوالي بكار مي رود.

براي سوالي كردن جملات انگليسي به وسيله ي كلمات پرسشي مراحل زير را انجام مي دهيم .

1- كلمه ي پرسشي مورد نظر را در ابتداي جمله سوالي قرار مي دهيم.

2- پس از كلمه ي پرسشي جمله را به شكل سوالي در مي آوريم.

3- با توجه به معني كلمه ي پرسشي و طبق جداول فوق كلمه يا كلمات حذفي را از جمله حذف مي كنيم .

4- چنانچه كلمه ي پرسشي جزء كلمات پرسشي نوع دوم باشد، اسم را در جمله پيدا كرده و آنرا

پس از كلمه ي پرسشي قرار مي دهيم . (اسم هميشه بعد از كلمه ي حذفي قرار دارد).

 

تذكر : چنانچه كلمه ي حذفي در ابتداي جمله قرار داشته باشد فقط كافي است كه آنرا از جمـــله حذف كنيم و بجاي آن، كلمه ي پرسشي مورد نظر را قرار داده و بقيه ي جمله را بدون تغـــيير بازنويسي كنيم.

 

1. There is a book on the table. (What)

What is there on the table?

 

2. This pen is green. (What colour)

What colour is this pen?

 

3. She goes to school at 5 o’clock. (What time)

What time does she go to school?

 

4. Today is Monday. (What day)

What day is today?

 

5. He is playing football slowly. (How)

How is he playing football?

 

6. They saw him yesterday. (When)

When did they see him?

 

7. My father is at home. (Where)

Where is he?

 

8. He is Mr Irani. (Who)

Who is he?

 

9. I see some buses in the street. (How many)

How many buses do you see in the street?

 

10. There is a little water in the glass. (How much)

How much water is there in the glass?

 

11. That was Ali's car. (Whose)

Whose car was that?

 

12. Ali is that thin boy. (Which)

Which boy is Ali?

 

13. Mr Irani teaches English well. (Who)

Who teaches English well?

 

14. Two boys are at school. (How many)

How many boys are at school?

 

15. The thin girl is a student. (Which)

Which girl is a student?

 

طرز قرار گرفتن صفات قبل از اسم

طرز قرار گرفتن صفات قبل از اسم

 

ترتيب قرار گرفتن صفات پيش از اسم در زبان انگليسي طبق الگوي زير مي باشد.

 

اسم + جنس (نوع) + مليّت + رنگ + اندازه + عدد

 

I have two big colorful Persian wooden carpets.

 

 نكته 1: صفات اشاره this – that – these – those  و حرف تعريف the و نيز صفات ملكي my – your , …

الف) بر ديگر صفات مقدم هستند.

ب) با يكديگر بكار نميروند.

- The three good student

- This sweet red roses

- My poor old dog

در جملات بالا كلمات the – this – my  قبل از صفات ديگر بكار رفته اند.

 

نكته 2: سه واژه all ، both و half  مقدم بر صفات ملكي و حرف تعريف the استفاده ميشوند.

- all the boys                     

- both my eyes                         

- all her books

 

نكته 3: واژه half مقدم بر a و an مي باشد.

- half a minute                  

- half an hour

 

1) Which sentence is grammatically wrong?

a) Don’t look at the people sitting over there.

b) Our brain can keep a record of past events.

c) The cars that are sold are very expensive.

d) The new Japanese blue car will become cheaper.ü

 

ترتيب قرار گرفتن صفات در گزينه d اشتباه است. رنگ بايد قبل از مليت قرار بگيرد پس گزينه d از نظر گرامري غلط است و بايد جمله به اين صورت باشد:

The new blue Japanese car will be come cheaper.

 

2) Which sentence is grammatically right?

a) The white large cotton shirt was very beautiful.

b) The large white cotton shirt was very beautiful.ü

c) The cotton white large shirt was very beautiful.

d) The beautiful cotton white shirt was very large.

گزينه b درست است. ترتيب قرار گرفتن صفات صحيح است.

 

3) A: Do you have a watch?                  

    B: yes, I have ……………….

a) an old gold watchü                                        c) an old watch gold

b) a gold old watch                                             d) a watch gold old

مــــاضي بعيـد ( گذشته ي كامل )

مــــاضي بعيـد ( گذشته ي كامل )

ماضي بعيد به عملي اشاره مي كند كه در گذشته قبل از عمل ديگري انجام شده باشد .

                             بقيه ي جمله + اسم مفعول + had + فاعل = ماضي بعيد

 

تذكر : ماضي بعيد بندرت به تنهايي بكار مي رود و اغلب بوسيله ي كلمات ربط نظير before -after

         because – when و … با گذشته ي ساده طبق الگوي زير همراه است .

 

                                             

گذشته ي ساده + before + ماضي بعید

گذشته ي ساده + when +  ماضي بعيد

ماضي بعيد + because + گذشته ي ساده

ماضي بعيد + after + گذشته ي ساده

 

- Ali had eaten a sandwich  before he went to bed .

- I had finished my work when you came .

- She was tired because he had walked for 5 hours .

- They ate lunch after she had left home .

 

 يادآوري : مي توان الگوهاي فوق را بشـكل الگوي زير تغيير داد كه در اين حـالت دو جمله بوسـيله يك كاما از يكديگر جدا مي شوند .

              

ماضي بعيد + , + گذشته ي ساده +   Before

- Before Ali went to bed , he had eaten a sandwich .

 

زير گزينه ي درست خط بكشيد .

1.He …………… early because he had finished his work.

a.leave                    b.leaves                      c.left                        d.leaving

2.John had learned Persion before he …………….to Iran.

a.come                    b.coming                    c.comes                   d.came

3.I had …………… English .

a.practice                b.practiced                 c.practicing             d.practices

4.They …………….. there before you met him.

a.live                       b.had lived                 c.lived                     d.have lived

5…………… she cleaned the room before they arrived?

a.Had                      b.Does                        c.has                       d.Did

6.You answered the questions because you …………… very hard.

a.studied                 b.have studied            c.study                    d.had studied

 

شكل صحيح افعال داخل پرانتز را در نقطه چين بنويسيد .

1.They……………….. ( eat ) their dinner before you came.

2.He was tired because he ………………… ( work ) on the farm.

3.I had done my homework before you ………………… ( telephone ) me.

4.You had …………….. ( buy ) the tickets.

American and British English Differences

Spelling

1. Spelling of words ending in "our" in British English are "or" in American English.

A representative list of such words is:

 

British	American	British	American	British	American
arbour	arbor	armour	armor	candour	candor
ardour	ardor	clamour	clamor	enamour	enamor
favour	favor	fervour	fervor	flavour	flavor
harbour	harbor	honour	honor	humour	humor
behaviour	behavior	fervour	fervor	labour	labor
odour	odor	parlour	parlor	rancour	rancor
tumour	tumor	valour	valor	colour	color

 

2. Many American words ending in "or" also end in "or" in British English.

Some examples of this are:

 

actor	anchor	captor	censor	debtor	decor	Donor
error	factor	jailor	manor	minor	pallor	pastor
razor	sector	terror	tremor	tutor	victor	visitor

 

3. The spelling of some American words ending in "er" such as center are spelled with "re" such as "centre."

Some examples of this are:

 

British	American	British	American	British	American
fibre	fiber	centre	center	lustre	luster
metre	meter	louvre	louver	caliber	calibre
sabre	saber	theatre	theater	liter	litre

 

4. But beware of some French words that end in "re" that are the same in both British and American English.

Some examples of these are:

 

genre

Notre

Entrée

émigré

cadre

lucre

 

5. Also beware of some Spanish words such as "hombre" and "padre" which are also exceptions to the rule.

6. The French word "cadre" requires special attention. It is a word that means the nucleus of a group that is intended to form a larger group. For many years the Chinese have pronounced it a "cotter." It is correctly pronounced as "ka dray."

7. One word that deletes the "o" and changes and the "re" is "manoeuvre" in British English and "maneuver" in American English.

8. Some other spelling differences are as follows:

 

British	American	British	American	British	American	British	American
cheque	check	plough	plow	storey	story	behove	behoove

 

9. The use of articles is different in the two languages. The American rules for the use of the articles "a," "an" and "the" and British English is somewhat different and allows the following "The man went to hospital to see nurse." American English would require the following "The man went to a/the hospital to see a/the nurse." The choice of "a" and "the" would depend on whether he wanted to see a particular nurse at a particular hospital or any nurse at any hospital.

10. Many British words ending in "ize" also appear as ending as "ise."
Both are accepted as correct in British English while the "ize" is only acceptable in American English.

A small representative sample is shown below.

 

apologize	atomize	authorize	barbarize	bastardize	brutalize	cannibalize	canonize
carbonize	categorize	cauterize	centralize	characterize	civilize	collectivize	colonize
containerize	emphasize	epitomize	equalize	familiarize	finalize	formalize	fossilize

 

11. British English has some vocabulary differences from American English.

Some representative examples are:

 

British	American	British	American	British	American	British	American
lorry	truck	billy	tin pan	ring	call	pub	bar
post	mail	reck	care	hired	rented	biscuit	cookie
holiday	vacation	lift	elevator	barrister	lawyer	packet	present
waggon	wagon	bonnet	hood	nil	nothing	petrol	gasoline
pillion	seat	aeroplane	airplane	football	soccer	tyre	tire
flat	apartment	snigger	snicker	chaff	tease	handbarrow	wheelbarrow

 

Prepositions

 

Prepositions of time

preposition	use	examples
in	in months	in July; in September
	year	in 1985; in 1999
	seasons	in summer; in the summer of 69
	part of the day	in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening
	duration	in a minute; in two weeks
at	part of the day	at night
	time of day	at 6 o'clock; at midnight
	celebrations	at Christmas; at Easter
	fixed phrases	at the same time
on	days of the week	on Sunday; on Friday
	date	on the 25th of December*
	special holidays	on Good Friday; on Easter Sunday; on my birthday
	a special part of a day	on the morning of September the 11th*
after	later than sth	after school
ago	how far sth happened (in the past)	6 years ago
before	earlier than sth	before Christmas
between	time that separates two points	between Monday and Friday
by	not later than a special time	by Thursday
during	through the whole of a period of time	during the holidays
for	period of time	for three weeks
from ... to from... till/until	two points form a period	from Monday to Wednesday from Monday till Wednesday from Monday until Wednesday
past	time of the day	23 minutes past 6 (6:23)
since	point of time	since Monday
till/until	no later than a special time	till tomorrow until tomorrow
to	time of the day	23 minutes to 6 (5:37)
up to	not more than a special time	up to 6 hours a day
within	during a period of time	within a day

 

Prepositions at, in, on

preposition	examples
in	We sit in the room.
	I see a house in the picture.
	There are trouts in the river.
	He lives in Paris.
	I found the picture in the paper.
	He sits in the corner of the room.
	He sits in the back of the car.
	We arrive in Madrid.
	He gets in the car.
	She likes walking in the rain.
	My cousin lives in the country.
	There are kites in the sky.
	He plays in the street. (BE)
	She lives in a hotel.
	The boys stand in a line.
	He is in town.
	I have to stay in bed.
	The robber is in prison now.
at	She sits at the desk.
	Open your books at page 10.
	The bus stops at Graz.
	I stay at my grandmother's.
	I stand at the door.
	Look at the top of the page.
	The car stands at the end of the street.
	You mustn't park your car at the front of the school.
	Can we meet at the corner of the street?
	I met John at a party.
	Pat wasn't at home yesterday.
	I study economics at university.
	The children are at grandmother's.
	He's looking at the park.
	He always arrives late at school.
on	The map lies on the desk.
	The picture is on page 10.
	The photo hangs on the wall.
	He lives on a farm.
	Dresden lies on the river Elbe.
	Men's clothes in on the second floor.
	He lives on Heligoland.
	The shop is on the left.
	My friend is on the way to Moscow.
	Write this information on the front of the letter.

 

Prepositions of place and direction

preposition	use	examples
above	higher than sth	The picture hangs above my bed.
across	from one side to the other side	You mustn't go across this road here. There isn't a bridge across the river.
after	one follows the other	The cat ran after the dog. After you.
against	directed towards sth	The bird flew against the window.
along	in a line; from one point to another	They're walking along the beach.
among	in a group	I like being among people.
around	in a circular way	We're sitting around the campfire.
behind	at the back of	Our house is behind the supermarket.
below	lower than sth	Death Valley is 86 metres below sea level.
beside	next to	Our house is beside the supermarket.
between	Sth /sb  is on each side	Our house is between the supermarket and the school.
by	near	He lives in the house by the river.
close to	near	Our house is close to the supermarket.
down	from high to low	He came down the hill.
from	the place where it starts	Do you come from Tokyo?
in front of	the part that is in the direction it faces	Our house is in front of the supermarket.
inside	opposite of outside	You shouldn't stay inside the castle.
into	entering sth	You shouldn't go into the castle.
near	close to	Our house is near the supermarket.
next to	beside	Our house is next to the supermarket.
off	away from sth	The cat jumped off the roof.
onto	moving to a place	The cat jumped onto the roof.
opposite	on the other side	Our house is opposite the supermarket.
out of	leaving sth	The cat jumped out of the window.
outside	opposite of inside	Can you wait outside?
over	above sth / sb	The cat jumped over the wall.
past	going near sth / sb	Go past the post office.
round	in a circle	We're sitting round the campfire.
through	going from one point to the other point	You shouldn't walk through the forest.
to	towards sth / sb	I like going to Australia. Can you come to me? I've never been to Africa.
towards	in the direction of sth	They walk towards the castle.
under	below sth	The cat is under the table.
up	from low to high	He went up the hill.

 

اســــم در نقش صفت

 

در زبان انگليسي گاهــي يك اسم قبل از اسم ديگري در نقش صفت ظـــاهر مي شود و آن را توصيف مي كند. چنين اســمي ( اسم در نقش صفت ) اولاً بايد مفــرد باشد و ثانياً محل آن بــــلافاصله قبل از موصوف مي باشد .

تذكر1 : توجه داشته باشيد كه (s) در بعضي از كلمــات مانند : news – physics و … s جمع نيست .

news report  _  physics  teacher

 

تذكر2: همانگونه كه مي دانيد يكي ديگر از راههاي معمــــول براي توصيف اسم، استفاده از صفت قبل از اسم مي باشد .

a good – beautiful – fat – thin – happy – clever / girl

 

تذكر3: با جابجا كردن اسم ها معني عبارت تغيير مي كند .

گل باغچه اي                          a  garden flower

باغچه ي گل                            a flower garden

 

كارگر شب(شب كار) a night worker                  

شب كارگر            a worker night                    

 

گزينه ي درست را انتخاب كنيد .

1. A store which sells shoes is a …………….. .

a. shoes store                         b. store shoes      

c. shoe store                          d. shoes stores

 

2. The desks that are used in offices are called ……………. .

a. offices desks                      b. office desks      

c. desks offices                      d. desks office

 

3. The story which is about life is the ……………

a. life story                            b. story life          

c. story of the life                   d. a and c

 

4. A bridge which is made of stone is called a ………….. .

a. bridge stone                     b. stone’s bridge        

c. bridge’s stone                   d. stone bridge

 

5. Flowers that grow in spring are ………….. .

a. spring flowers                  b. flowers spring       

c. spring flower                    d. flower spring

 

جملات زير را كامل كنيد .

1. A student who studies history is called a ………………

2. A book which is about grammar is called a ………………

3. Dishes which are made of iron are called ……………….

كــــــــــاربردهاي It

 

كــــــــــاربردهاي It

It در انگليسي كاربردهاي متعددي دارد كه به برخي از آنها در زير اشاره مي شود.

1- اشاره به شي ء مفرد

There is a car in the street. It is blue.

2- اشاره به زمان

It is Monday.

It is 2 o'clock.

3- اشاره به هوا

It is raining. It is cold.

4- اشاره به مسافت

It is 10 Kms from here to Isfahan.

5- اشاره به شخص نامشخص

Who is it on the phone?

6- كاربرد در فرمول زير

بقيه جمله + مصدر با to + صفت + is /was  + It

                                            

It is easy to learn English.

نمونه سوال

زير گزينه ي صحيح خط بكشيد.

1. A: How is the weather?   B: …………. is cold.

a. That                 b. This                    c. It                         d. There

 

2. A: What day is today?   B: ………… is Saturday.

a. It                     b. That                    c. This                    d. It’s

 

3. It was easy ………………. in that river.

a. swim              b. swimming            c. to swim           d. swam               

 

4. A: How far is ……………. to your school?  B: 200 meters.

a. that                  b. this                   c. there               d. it

 

5. A: What is …………… in your hand?  B: A pen

a. it                      b. they                  c. those              d. these                

 

 

 

يكي از كاربردهاي it استفاده در فرمول زير مي باشد كه نشان دهنده يك امر كلي و عمومي

مي باشد .

It + is / was + صفت + to مصدر با + بقيه جمله

 

It is important to learn a foreign language.

It is dangerous to swim in the river.

It was difficult to climb a tall tree.

 

چنانچه بخواهيد شخص خاصي را مورد نظر قرار دهيد از فرمول زير استفاده مي كنيد .

It + is / was + صفت + ( for +  ( مفعول + to مصدر با + بقيه جمله

It is necessary for you to come on time.

It was easy for Ali to speak English.

 

مي توان جملات فوق را بشكل زير تغيير داد .

It is dangerous to drive carelessly.

Driving carelessly is dangerous.

 

It is forbidden to smoke in this room.

Smoking in this room is forbidden.

نمونه سوال  

1. It   is  necessary ………………… early  to  class.

a. come                     b. to  come            c. coming              d. came

 

2. It was necessary ……………………. polite.

a. for him to be        b. for to be him            c. him to before             d. to be for him

 

3. It is forbidden ……………… in this bus.

a. smoke                   b. smoking            c. to smoke           d. smoked

 

4. It is useful for ……………………. to walk in the park.

a. she                                 b. her                   c. hers                 d. she's

 

5. ………………… for a long time made him tired.

a. Work                    b. Worked            c. Working           d. Works

 

6. Is it difficult to learn English?

No, ……………….. English is easy.

a. to learn                b. learned             c. learns              d. learning

جمـــلات شرطي ( قسمت اول )

جمـــلات شرطي ( قسمت اول )

جملات شرطي جملاتي هستند كه انجام كاري را مشروط به انجام كار ديگري مي كنند . مانند " اگــــر درس بخواني ، قبول مي شوي " . بطوريكه در اين مثال ملاحظه مي شود قبول شدن مشـــــــروط به درس خواندن مي باشد .

هر جمله شرطي از دو قسمت تشكيل مي شود . 1- قضيه ي شرطي 2- جواب شرط

قضيه ي شرطي بخشي از جمله است كه همراه if بكار ميرود و مطلبي بطور مشـــروط در آن عنوان مي شود .

جواب شرط بخشي از جمله ي شرطي است كه در پاسخ جمله ي شرطي ايراد مي شود .

انواع جمـــــلات شرطي

جملات شرطي به سه دسته تقسيم مي شوند :

جملات شرطي دسته ي اول ( آينده ي ممكن )

جملات شرطي دسته ي دوم ( حال غير واقعي )

جملات شرطي دسته سوم ( گذشته ي غير ممكن )

جملات شرطي دسته ي اول ( آينده ي ممكن )

در اين دسته از جملات شرطي كه بر زمان حال و آينده دلالت دارند ، احتمال انجام و يا عدم انجام كار به يك اندازه ي مساوي است . در اين نوع از جملات شرطي قضيه شرطي با زمان حال ساده و جواب شرط با زمان آينده ساده ساخته مي شود .

زمان آينده ي ساده , زمان حال ساده If                           

If you go there , you will see him .

تذكر1 : در جملات شرطي قضيه ي شرطي بوسيله ي كاما از جواب ( نتيجه ) شرط مجزا مي شود .

تذكر2 : در جملات شرطي مي توان جاي دو قسمت را جابجا كرد يعني جواب ( نتيجه ) شرط را در اول جمله و قضيه ي شرطي را بعد از آن بكار برد كه در اين حالت به كاما نيازي نيست .

زمان حال ساده if زمان آينده ي ساده

You will see him if you go there .

تذكر3 : در جملات شرطي دسته ي اول مي توان بجاي will از افعال ناقص can-may-should و …

استفاده كرد .

زير گزينه ي درست خط بكشيد .

1.If you don’t practice , you ……………. learn English.

a.can                      b.won’t                        c.will                          d.may

2.If he ……………. hard , he will get a good mark .

a.study                   b.studied                      c.studies                     d.will study

 

Good Luck_M.Davari

 

جملات شرطـــــــــي ( قسمت دوم )

جملات شرطي دسته ي دوم ( حال غير واقعي )

در اين دسته از جملات شــرطي كه مجازأ بر زمان گذشته و واقعأ بر زمان حال و آينده دلالت دارند ، احتمال عدم وقوع فعل بيشتر از احتمال وقوع آن است . در اينگونه از جملات قضيه ي شرطي با زمان گذشته ي ســـــاده و جواب شــــــرط ( نتيجه ي شرط ) با زمـــــان آينده در گذشته ي ســــــاده

( شكل ساده ي فعل + would ) ساخته مي شود .

                                      زمان آينده در گذشته ي ساده , زمان گذشته ي ساده If 

If you went there , you would see him .

تذكر1 : در جملات شـرطي دسته دوم مي توان بجاي would از افعال ناقص could-should-might نيز استفاده كرد .

تذكر2 : در اين نوع از جملات شرطي نيز مي توان نتيجه ي شرط را در ابتداي جمله و قضيه ي شرطي را پس ار آن بكار برد كه در اين صورت نيازي به كاما نخواهد بود .

                                           زمان گذشته ي ساده if زمان آينده در گذشته ي ساده

You would see him if you went there .

تذكر3 : در جملات شرطي نوع دوم در قضيه ي شرطي فعل to be  معمولأ براي تمام اشخاص were بكار مي رود .

If I were a rich man , I could buy a new car .

If he were you , he wouldn’t go there .

نمونه سوال

گزينه ي درست را انتخاب كنيد .

1.I would show them the picture if they …………… busy.

a.don’t                    b.didn’t                         c.aren’t                           d.weren’t

2.If they were here , I ……………. dinner for them .

a.will cook              b.cook                          c.would cook                 d.cooked

3.If Ali …………… you live here , he might come to see you .

a.knows                  b.knew                          c.will know                   d.would know

4.If I sold my car , I ……………. much money for it .

a.got                       b.get                              c.would get                   d.will get

5.If he …………. eat too much , he wouldn’t be so fat .

a.didn’t                  b.doesn’t                        c.wasn’t                        d.won’t

شكل صحيح افعال داخل پرانتز را در نقطه چين بنويسيد .

1.If you weren’t in a hurry , I ……………….. ( show ) you the picture.

2.He could pass the exam if he ………………. ( try ) hard .

3.If I ……………. ( have ) a lot of money , I would help poor people.

4.What would happen if her mother ……………. ( be ) not in the kitchen ?

5.If they watched TV , they could …………….. ( see ) him in it

پیش دانشگاهی - کتاب یک

Grammar

 

1. ……………. I was feeling very hot I took off my coat.

a. When                                                    

b. As

c. Whether                                               

d. If

 

2. My car broke down this morning …………. I was on my way to work.

a. when                                                     

b. but

c. because                                                 

d. and

 

3. She was displeased …………… she had been badly treated.

a. whether                                                 

b. where

c. therefore                                              

d. since

 

4. I didn’t know ………….. the university was shut.

a. whatever                                              

b. when

c. whether                                                

d. since

 

5. I have not seen him ………….. from Tabriz.

a. since he returned                                

b. when he will return

c. as he will return                                  

d. as soon as he returns

لطفاً ادامه مطلب را كليك كنيد.

ادامه نوشته

Pre-university

Grammar

1. ……………. I was feeling very hot I took off my coat.

a. When

b. As

c. Whether

d. If

 

2. My car broke down this morning ……………. I was on my way to work.

a. when

b. but

c. because

d. and

 

3. She was displeased ……………. she had been badly treated.

a. whether

b. where

c. therefore

d. since

 

4. I didn’t know ……………. the university was shut.

a. whatever

b. when

c. whether

d. since

 

5. I have not seen him ……………. from Tabriz.

a. since he returned	b. when he will return
c. as he will return	d. as soon as he returns

 

6.  My son will be twenty ……………. I am forty – eight.

a. because

b. as

c. when

d. so

 

7……………. he was listening to the first part of the news, the door bell rang and some

friends arrived.

a. Because

b. As

c. Since

d. If

 

8. They started making films together ……………. they left college.

a. if

b. whether

c. as

d. when

 

9. He fell down ……………. up the tree.

a. before he climbs	b. when he is climbing
c. as he was climbing	d. since he climbs

                         

10. Which sentence is correct?

     a. As the match was cancelled, the weather was bad.

     b. The match was cancelled, since the weather was bad.

     c. Because the match was cancelled, the weather was bad.

     d. Whether the match was cancelled, the weather was bad.

 

Vocabulary

11.  Exercise can help you keep in …………….

a. shock

b. shape

c. show

d. share

 

12.  I …………….on your promise.

a. relied

b. researched

c. realized

d. repaired

 

13.  My mother is ……………. about what time I need to be home.

a. friendly

b. fat

c. flexible

d. flat

 

14.  He ……………. himself out on the grass to rest.

a. stretched

b. spoiled

c. searched

d. supported

 

15. Video cameras are becoming easier to use.  In ……………., they’re becoming cheaper.

a. shape

b. bracket

c. addition

d. front

 

16. Plants draw minerals and other ……………. from the soil.

a. nations

b. nutrients

c. noises

d. numbers

 

17. What sort of ……………. do these machines need?

a. flight

b. fat

c. forest

d. fuel

 

18. The amount of ……………. you eat can affect the health of your heart.

a. farm

b. fat

c. face

d. fact

 

19. The bus company provided ……………. buses because there were so many people.

a. extra

b. emotional

c. excited

d. educated

                               

20. She had an ……………. idea for the title.

a. afraid

b. educated

c. amused

d. excellent

 

21. The club is ……………. some of its older players.

a. relying

b. repetitive

c. releasing

d. reasonable

 

22.  "Chemicals that create a happy feeling" means: …………….

a. instructions

b. endorphins

c. injuries

d. experiences

 

23.  "Either of the two breathing organs in the chest of man and other animals" is …………….

a. liver

b. lawyer

c. lung

d. length

 

24. Jane is very ……………. of her new car.

a. proud

b. pumping

c. plenty

d. painful

 

25. Seeds grow up to ……………. plants.

a. publish

b. permit

c. pick

d. produce

 

26. Your final paragraph should ……………. the main points of your article.

a. succeed

b. stick

c. summarize

d. switch

 

27.  "The bony part of the head that protects the brain" is …………….

a. success

b. skull

c. software

d. skill

 

28.  "Move something and put it in a different place" means: …………….

a. touch

b. taste

c. treat

d. transfer

 

29.  He found it hard to ……………. his feelings about the accident.

a. encourage

b. express

c. entertain

d. exercise

 

30. I think you can make a ……………. of this subject.

a. digest

b. death

c. disease

d. drug

پیش دانشگاهی - کتاب 2

A Sample Final Exam for Pre-University Students

Lessons 5-8

Part I. Vocabulary

A. Choose the different word. (1.5 points)

 

1. (stamp – envelope - document – mailbox)

2. (community – astronaut – mission – space)

3. (join – connect – attach – measure)

 

B. Choose the best choice. (1.5 points)

 

4. Children under 18 need their parents’ ………… to watch this program.

a. impression          

b. communication        

c. destination            

d. permission

 

5. He needs a high income to ………… his large family.

a. observe             

b. support                   

c. magnify               

d. access

 

6. The teacher asked everyone to do a ………… kind of work.

a. specific             

b. distant                     

c. global                  

d. rural

 

C. Fill in the blanks with one of the words from the list below. There is one extra word. (3 points)

 

          ran away, memory, annoyed, serious, performance, forced, reason

Edison was born on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio, and grew up in Michigan. At an early age, he showed signs of a ……7…..… hearing problem. This may have been the …...8…..… for his poor ……9…..… at school. Edison did not do well there and was often ……10…… by the other children. Three months after starting school, Edison ……11…….. His mother was ……12…… to teach him at home.

 

Part II. Grammar

 

A.   Choose the best choice. (2 points)

B.    

13. I’ll stop at the theater ………… pick up the tickets which you reserved.

a. so that                

b. such as          

c. whereas               

d. in order to

 

14. A lot of people bought those houses, ………… the prices were high.

a. even though       

b. whether         

c. in order that          

d. so that

 

15. Tom went to the library ………… the books he had borrowed.

a. returning             

b. return            

c. to return              

d. having returned

 

16. Reza speaks English very well. He ………… in England for many years.

a. should live          

b. must live        

c. should have lived 

d. must have lived

 

B. Put the following words in order and make meaningful sentences. (2 points)

 

17. (work, brothers, Ali, lazy, is, while, his, hard)

18. (went, slums, she, to, poor, the, help, to, the, so as)

 

C. Complete the following dialogues. (2 points)

 

19. A: I don’t have any idea where Helen is.

      B: She ………… (go) to the movies with her friends.

20. A: Mike spoke very quietly.

      B: He ………… (speak) more loudly.

 

Part III. Sentence Functions

 

Complete the following sentences with your own words. (2 points)

 

21. Some jobs may hurt children physically or emotionally ………… mining, making

bricks, carpets, glass, etc.

22. The part which is at the center of the earth ………… the core.

23. There are different ………… of plants and animals in the world.

24. Getting enough sleep is important ………… it helps you feel more energetic.

 

Part IV. Reading Comprehension

 

A. Put the following sentences in order and make a meaningful paragraph.

Show the correct order with letters A-D in each box. (2 points)

 

􀁆25. These astronauts did experiments and brought back samples of rock.

􀁆26. One of the best-known American space programs was project Apollo.

􀁆27. Their work helped scientist learn more about the moon.

􀁆28. The Apollo mission landed 12 humans on the moon between 1967 and 1972.

 

B. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with your own words. (2 points)

 

Most child laborers around the world are busy doing extreme forms of work that are dangerous for their health. ……29…… are also being robbed of their ……30……, including not only the right to ……31…… to the highest level through education, ……32…… also the right to a childhood. ……33…… often work as many as 12 ……34…… a day, (sometimes more), work under ……35…… conditions such as factories with harmful ……36…… in the air, handle dangerous materials, and use tools and machines which are not designed for them.

 

C. Read the following passage and decide whether the statements that follow are true (T), false (F) or not mentioned (N). (6 points)

 

The sardine is a very valuable food fish. It is found in the coastal waters of many parts of the world where the water is not too warm or too cold. The great sardine territory of the United States is off the coast of California. Every year thousands of tons of sardines are caught there.

Until recently not very much was known about the sardine’s habits. Now scientists have discovered some things about the life of the sardine. The female sardine begins to lay its eggs when it is between 2 and 4 years old. It is then about eight inches long. The female lays about 100,000 eggs, which float on the surface of the water .The eggs hatch in two or three days.

Sardines are a healthful food that contains many rich oils and vitamins. They are usually canned, and are eaten in salads and sandwiches. Some of the best sardines come from the coasts of Norway and Portugal. The sardine is used also as a food for cattle and chickens, and young sardines are used by fishermen as bait to catch other fish. The oil of the sardine is used in many ways.

                                                                                            

37. Sardines are found in waters of average temperature.                        

38. Americans eat thousands of tons of sardines every year.                      

39. Scientists still do not know very much about the sardine.                    

40. The female sardine begins to lay eggs when it is eight years old.        

41. People can use sardines to make salads and sandwiches.                   

42. Norway and Portugal are the only countries in Europe, where  people eat a lot of sardines.

 

D. Read the following passage and fill in the table that follows. (6 points)

 

There were three famous sisters named Bronte. Their names were Charlotte, Emily, and Anne, and they were all writers. They were daughters of a clergyman, and had two older sisters and a brother. They went to a very strict school when they were girls, and later they became teachers and governesses. Charlotte’s most famous novel was Jane Eyre, a story of

some of her experiences in school and as a governess. Emily wrote Wuthering Heights, a tragic love story that describes the countryside in which the girls were brought up. Anne wrote two good novels, Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, but neither was as great as her sisters'. All the sisters wrote under “pen-names,” calling themselves Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell, and for a long time not even their publishers knew who they really were. Charlotte, Emily and Anne all died of tuberculosis at an early age.

Charlotte Bronte was born in 1816 and died in 1855. She was the only sister who married and she lived longest, though she was only 39 when she died. Emily, born in 1818, died in 1848, when she was barely 30, and Anne, born in 1820, died in 1849, aged 29. Their brother Branwell Bronte, whom they loved and admired very much, was born in 1817 and died in 1848.

 

Writer       Most famous novel(s)            Date of birth           Age when she died

Charlotte      (43) ………..                        (47) ………….           (50) ……..

Emily           (44) ………...                       (48) ………….           (51) ………..

Anne           (45) ………....                      (49) ………….           (52) ……....

                  (46) ……… 

 

Now write short answers to the following questions.

53. How many brothers did the Bronte sisters have?

54. What was their father’s job?

ادامه نوشته

زبان 3 نهایی

كلمات ناقص زير را بطور كامل بازنويسي كنيد.

A.B. Your aver – ge is very low. I am sure practice will impr – ve it.

C. D. The bra-n can record a large amount of inform – tion.

E.F. Computers are used in any fi – Id of human acti – ity.

I. J. I don’t know all te d – ta – Is a bout Ahmad’s ac – ident.

K. L We should ex – mine other s – stems of education.

M.N. Every word has a kind of s – stems of education.

O. P. A lot of athletes from different co – ntries take part in the comp – t – tions.

 

با استفاده ازكلمات دادهشده جملات زير را كامل كنيد.

Attract – effect – switched – habit – rubbish – memory – degree – tower - athlete

1. What is the …………… of television on children’s lives?

2. We need people to clean our streets and take the ……….. away from our houses.

3. Football matches …………….. a lot of young people.

4. I don’t have a good …………… I can’t remember the

telephone numbers.

5. When the students finish university, they get a/an ……………

6. Takhti was a great………….. He is the father of wrestling.

7. They ………….. the conversation to a different topic when I came in.

8. “Do you know the designer of Azadi …………..?” “No, I don’t.”

 

شكل صحيح كلمات داخل پرانتز را در جاهاي خالي بنويسيد.

9. My sister was ……….. tired yesterday.(real)

10. Last night I had only some ………. soup.(water)

11. These tall trees and ……….. flowers are wonderful.(color)

12. I couldn't solve the problem. It was ……….. (confuse)

13. I accepted their ……….. and went to their party. (invite)

14. The weather is very ………….. in Bandar Abbas in summer.

 

جمله هاي زير را فقط با نوشتن يك كلمه ي مناسب كامل كنيد.

15. In Ramadan, Moslems do not eat from sunrise to sunset. In fact, they ……….

16. He is a good swimmer. He won a gold ……….. last year.

17. Please turn on the TV. There is a good film on ……….. five.

18. The first meal of the day is called …………….

19. Helping people is his …………. in life.

20. Long ago, men learned how to make sheets of ……………. from papyrus.

 

با هر يك از كلمات زير يك جملة كامل بنويسيد.

27. repair – to – is- going – his – on Friday – my father – car.

28. some – I – soup – will eat – French – chicken.

 

بر اساس جمله‌هاي داده شده، جملات ناقص را كامل كنيد.

26. Jack told me, “Study your lessons carefully.”

Jack told me……………………………

30. “Where did she live last year?”

“I don’t know………….………………”

 

با توجه به تصاوير به سؤالات زير پاسخ دهيد.

31. Has the blackboard been cleaned?

32. What is the woman telling the girl to do?

 

پاسخ سؤالات قسمت A را از بين جواب‌هاي قسمت B انتخاب كنيد. (يك پاسخ اضافي است).

AB

33. What does your job involve?A. Once a year.

34. How tall is your brother?B. I usually

35. What do you do in your free time?C. It is at 9 o’clock.

36. How often do you go to the dentist?D. I manage an office.

37. How do you usually get to work?E. He is a bout 165 centimeters.

38. Why is he so excited?F. He is watching football.

39. What time is your flight, please?G. Ten minutes.

40. Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?I go to the cinema.

كدام كلمه از نظر تلفظ “s” يا “es” پايان كلمه با سه كلمه ديگر متفاوت است؟

41. a. girlsb. mapsc. booksd. mats

42. a. washesb. placesc. teachesd. doctors

 

كدام كلمه ازنظر تكيه (stress) با سه كلمة ديگر متفاوت است؟

43. a. happyb. cityc. about d. added

44.. a. forgetb. enoughc. agod. father

 

با توجه به مفهوم جملات، گزينه صحيح را انتخاب كنيد.

45. Snow – covered roads are very dangerous. So, we expect drivers …………..

a. not to drive on these roads at all

b. to drive very carefully on these roads

c. not to drive out of town during winter

d. to put on warm clothes in snow

46. Javad! The train leaves in two hours. Why don’t you sit down and relax.

These sentences tell us that Javad ……………….

a. has enough timeb. has a little time

c. must leave immediatelyd. has no time

47. For families with children a big problem is getting the children away from the television.

To do their homework. This sentence tells us that …………….

a. children are not interested in watching TV.

b. children prefer doing their homework to watching TV

c. watching TV stops children from doing their homework

d. families like to do their children’s homework

48. The word “ hello” was kept because it was so useful.. Other new words that are not so useful may be forgotten soon. According to these sentences, ……………

a. he word “hello” was forgotten soon

b. useful words are always kept

c. most of the words must be forgotten soon

d. the words which are not so useful should be kept

 

متن زيررا بخوانيدو به سؤالات بصورت خواسته شده پاسخ دهيد.

My uncle is a shopkeeper. He has a/ an 49in a small village near Oxford. The shop 50almost every thing from bread to newspaper. The children always stop to 51some money on chocolate or ice – cream. My uncle is very polite and behaves very 52.He doesn’t often 53the village because he doesn’t have a car. He also grows plants and vegetables. His wife and children help him a lot. My family 54them in the village twice a year. I think he has a simple and comfortable life.

      49        50         51       52         53       54

a. homea. busya. spenda. angrilya. travela. visits

b. shopb. makesb. sendb. badlyb. stayb. watches

c. housec. sellsc. getc. kindlyc. stopc. observes

d. officed. holdsd. putd. sadlyd. leaved. looks

 

متن زير را بخوانيد و به سؤالات بصورت خواسته شده پاسخ دهيد.

My family likes the sea very much. When we have a holiday, we go to a place at the seaside and borrow a boat from one of our friends. Them we sail on the sea and catch fish ass day. Sometimes we sail on a small lake near the sea. We are very careful on this lake because there are a lot of sharp rocks there. There aren’t many fish in the lake. The fish aren’t very big, but they taste very good. When the weather is fine, we go to the land at lunch time and make a fire with the pieces of dry wood and cook the fish and eat them.

55. Where do the writer and his/her family go when they have a holiday?

56. Why do the fish?

58. The lake is by the sea.

a. Trueb. False

59. They eat their lunch in the boat.

a. Trueb. False

نهايي زبان 3

هر كس به دانش پيشتر است ، قيمتش بيشتر است . پيامبر اكرم ( ص )      

4

كلمات ناقص را بطور كامل بازنويسي كنيد.

Fill in the blanks with the missing letters.

Some TV chan_els show only a sing_e type of program.

A large n_mber of people take part in religio_s celebrations.

A computer p_rform  many tasks by me_ns of processing information.

Many space_ra_ts have been sent to other pl_n_ts

Millions of vie_ers follow their countries fort_nes on TV.

The br_ _n can record a large am_unt of information.

The p_rp_se of education is not to help people to get higher university d_gre_s.

He couldn’t say hel_o because he was very e_c_ted.

 

1

4

با استفاده از كلمات داده شده جملات زير را كامل كنيد. (يك كلمه اضافي است)

Fill in the blanks with the words given. There is one extra word.

(information- allow- end- force- reported- immediately- wrestles- field- average)

 

1.     One of the most important uses of computers is in the …….……. of medicine.

2.     She is very ill. She should be taken to hospital …….……… .

3.     If you make any more noise, I will …..………. you to leave the room.

4.     I’m afraid. I can’t …….…….. you to go to the cinema alone.

5.     During the night it was …….……… that a house was on fire.

6.     Becoming rich seems to be his only …………….. in life.

7.     Please give me more …………….. about that job.

8.     He is a great athlete. He …………… beautifully.

 

2

3

جمله هاي زير را با نوشتن كلمه اي مناسب از خودتان كامل كنيد.

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word of your own.

9. The big, round, yellow thing in the sky that shines during the day and gives us light and heat is called the  …..……….. .

 

10. It is given to the individual who places third in an athletic competition. It’s a ….………… medal.

 

11. You can break your fast as the …….……… sets.

 

12. Someone whose job is to grow plants and vegetables and keep animals is called a/an …….………. .

 

13. A period of 12 months is called a/an ….…………. .

 

14. A person who is good at running, jumping, swimming or wrestling is called a/an  ……..………. .

 

3

3

شكل صحيح كلمه هاي داخل پرانتز را در جاهاي خالي بنويسيد.

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in the parentheses.

15. It was …….…….. to see him again after 20 years. (wonder)

16. She speaks English very …………… I can’t understand most of her sentences. (rapid)

17. I sent Shirin an  …….……… to the dinner party. (invite)

18. Computers and videos are …………… things to have at schools. (use)

19. He has a good job and a lovely family. He’s very …….……. man. (happiness)

20. He always seems …………… , he is never sure of what he is doing. (confuse)

 

4

3

پاسخ صحيح را از بين گزينه هاي پيشنهاد شده انتخاب كنيد.

Choose the correct answer.

21. “Where did park the car, Ali?” “I don’t remember where ….…….. it.”

a. you parked         b. did you park      c. have you parked d. are you parking

 

22. “Where are you going?” “To the post office. I ….……. a letter.”

a. would post          b. had posted        c. have posted                d. am going to post

 

23. It is impossible for him …..……… that tall tree.

a. climb                  b. climbs                c. to climb                       d. climbing

 

24. I am not sure that he will wait ….……….. Mr Amini in his office.

a. about                 b. after                  c. for                    d. of

 

25. “I usually see your brother in the stadium.” “Yes, he enjoys ….…….. football matches.”

a. watch                 b. to watch  c. watching             d. watches

 

26. Those interesting films …..………. at school on Fridays.

a. are shown b. show                  c. are showing                  d. have shown

 

5

2

با هر گروه از كلمه هاي زير يك جمله بسازيد.

Put the words in the correct order.

27. ( him/ wants/ to clean/his room/she )

…………………………………………….

 

28. (were/shocking/shocked/we/the news/because/was)

……………………………………………………………..

 

6

2

بر اساس جمله هاي داده شده ، جمله هاي ناقص را كامل كنيد.

Complete the following  sentences based on the sentences given.

29. “When do they meet him in the park?”

“I don’t know …………………………. .”

 

30. He asked me, “Please take your brother to school.”

He asked me ………………..……………………….

 

7

2

با توجه به تصاوير به سوالات زير پاسخ دهيد.

Look at the pictures and answer the questions.

31. What did the man force them to do?

………………………………………..

 

32. What is the boy going to do?

………………………………………..

 

8

4

پاسخ سوالات قسمت A را از بين جوابهاي قسمتB انتخاب كنيد. ( يك پاسخ اضافي است)

Match column A with column B. There is one extra item in B.

                             A

33. What does his job involve?                                           ……             

34. When do you usually get to school?                               ……          

35. Excuse me, how can I get to the bus station, please?      ……

36. How often do you visit your grandfather?                       ……   

37. Why are you so sad?                                                    ……   

38. Have you heard anything about the new manager?         ……    

39. Did you really enjoy the movie?                                     ……  

40. What’s he going to do this afternoon?                            ……

                      B

a. He keeps accounts.

b. About two hours.

c. Go straight on. It's two blocks down this street.

d. He is planning to go fishing.

e. By seven thirty.

f. Yes, it was wonderful.

g. Yes, people say he is very nice.

h. Three times a month. 

i. My husband has just lost his job.       

 

9

2

كلمات زير را بر اساس تكيه «  stress » زير ستون مناسب بنويسيد.

Put the words under the right column according to their stress patterns.

41. (computer -  program -  eleven - holiday)

 

A	'garden
B	re'member

 

 

10

3

متن زير را بخوانيد و جاهاي خالي جملات را با گزينه هاي داده شده كامل كنيد.

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

Finding a job is often difficult for a young person today. But it will be easier if you     42     these things. First, you have to    43     what kind of job you want. Think     44      what kind of work you like to do. You can talk to some people who have      45       kinds of jobs. Then you should write something about your      46     and your earlier jobs. Remember that it should be organized and typed      47     .Then you are ready to start looking for a job.

42. a) include                   b) measure             c) follow                 d) order

43. a) decide                    b) advise                c) promise             d) permit

44. a) on                         b) for                     c) about                 d) in

45. a) serious                   b) simple                c) average              d) different

46. a) competition            b) education           c) conversation      d) observation

47. a) carefully                 b) silently               c) constantly         d) basically

 

11

4

با توجه به مفهوم جملات ، گزينه صحيح را انتخاب كنيد.

Read the sentences and choose the correct answer.

48. Some student do silly things in the classroom. They are never ashamed of what they do. According to these sentences, students should be  .………

a)      ready to watch others doing silly things in the classroom

b)      ashamed of doing silly things in the classroom

c)      educated to doing silly things in the classroom

d)      afraid of their teachers when they are called on in the classroom

 

49. Javad! The train leaves in two hours. Why don’t you sit down and relax? The above sentences tell us that Javad ………… .

a. has enough time                                   b. has a little time

c. must leave immediately                         d. doesn’t have sufficient time

 

50. The world is changing all the time, so are words.

We understand from the above sentence that ………….. .

a. the world changes the words

b. the world and words are constantly changing

c. the world changes, but the words don’t

d. words make changes in the world

 

51. "When are you going to have your party?" "It will be …………. next Monday night."

a. held                        b. paid                   c. lost           d. cost

 

12

4

متن زير را بخوانيد و سپس به سوالات 52 و 53 پاسخ كامل دهيد و گزينه صحيح سؤالات 54 و 55را انتخاب كنيد.

Read he passage and answer the questions.

  David worked as a seller in a big supermarket. Like some of the other young people, he did not like his job very much. One day he was talking to his friend, John who worked there too. "I'm going to find another job as soon as I can." he said. "The pay is not very good and the work isn’t interesting.The worst thing about it is that I have to obey Mr Kean's  orders". Mr kean was the manager of the supermarket. Everybody was a little afraid of him. He often walked around the supermarket and always got very angry if he saw someone who was not working. Sometimes there was really no work to do but people still tried to look busy.

  While David was talking, John looked up and saw Mr Kean coming near them. David was sitting on a chair and Mr Kean was just behind him. He could hear every word David was saying. John didn’t know what to do.

 

52. What was David?

………………………………..

 

53. Why couldn’t David see the manager?

…………………………………………..

 

54. David wanted to find another job because ……………… .

a. they all liked their job very much

b. Mr Kean ordered them to look busy

c. his pay was good but his manager always walked around him

d. he was pain less than his friend

 

55. Everyboday in the supermarket looked very busy because  ………….

a. they all liked their job very much

b. Mr Kean ordered them to look busy

c. Mr Kean would be angry if he saw them not working

d. there were always a lot of shoppers there

13

                                                           

زبان 3 - ترم اول

SPELLING: Fill in the blank with missing letters.

a) The los_ of large are _ s of memory o_curs in some p_ _sical and mental illn_ses.

b) One can solve all the problems of soc_ety and build a perfe_t nation.

c) I cut my finger. It is p_inful now.

d) Different servi_es are needed. All j_bs are useful and no one should be ash_med of one’s work.

e) People should watch cert_n programs on TV and not al_ow their lives to be

infl_ en_ed by TV.

f) Dinner times were more rela_ed without the pers_ure of TV.

 

VOCABULARY: Fill in the blank with these words. (There is an extra word.)

(daily – choice – education – slows down – realized – effect – stick – rubbish – channels)

1. Forgetting is rapid at first, then it …………..

2. The police ……………… the man was lying.

3. “Which car will you buy”? “I am not sure. It is hard for me to make a good

……………...”                     

4. Saying something over and over makes it ………… in the mind.

5. In some countries there are about forty TV……………

6. A good system of ………………. should prepare children for life.

7. People who take…………… away from our houses are very helpful.

8. Watching TV for a long time has bad ……………….. in your eyesight.

 

b) Fill in the blank with your information.

9. Someone who is traveling by bus, taxi and train is called a ……………….

10. You should rest at home. It will ………………. your health.

11. There are several ways which help us remember things for a long time. One of them is …………………

12. The brain’s…………….. to keep a record of past events is called memory.

13. Some people are very rich, some are very poor. But a large number are …………

14. He always talks about money. Money is an …………… for him.

 

Write the correct form of the words given.

15. Banks try to employ ……………. people. (honest)

16. The film was ……………. we all enjoyed it. (wonder)

17. This …………………… sky shows that we may have a rainy day. (cloud)

18. Why didn’t you accept his ………………? (invite)

19. What was the reason he ………………. to the north. (migrate)

20. After a long discussion they …………………… decided not to sell the car. (final)

 

STRUCTURE: Choose the best answer.

21. “Will you tell him to give back the money?” Yes, I will tell him to give …………. .

a ) back it             b) it back               c) back them       d) them back

22. Could you please stop …………so much noise?

a) making            b) to make              c) make              d) makes

23. My little brother is interested ……………….. watching cartoons.

a) to                     b) on                       c) in                       d) of

24. “Did he eat a sandwich for lunch?” I don't know what…………..

a) did he eat       b) had he eaten    c) he ate                 d) he eats   

25. It was necessary for her…………….. on long dress when she had guests.

a) to put           b) put           c) putting            d) he eats

26.”why are you turning on TV?” “I……………….. the news.”

a) am watching       b) am going to watch      c) watch    d) watches

 

Put these words in correct order.

27. (should – him – up – o’clock – I – call – eight – before)

…………………………………………………………….

28. (don’t – in – I – that apartment – lives – who)

……………………………………………………………………....

 

Complete the sentences.

29.  Is knowing a foreign language very important?

Yes, it is ……………………………..

30. What time has she come back?

I know what time ……………………………….

 

Look at the pictures and answer the questions.

31. What is the nurse doing?

 

32. What has made Maryam tired?

 

Language Function: Match Columm A with Columm B.

                  A                                                                     B                                        

33. What do you do at weekends?(     )              a) Three times a day.

34. Do you have any hobbies?(     )                    b)What’s your number?

35. What time is the film on?(     )                    c) There is a show at 7.

36. What time is my flight, please?(     )             d) You have got plenty time.

37. How often do you brush your teeth?(     )       e) I usually stay at home.

38. What do Iranian do in their free time.(     )      f) Yes, I play ping – pong.

                                                                   g) It depends. They do many        

                                                                                     different things.    

Answer this question.

39. How often do you have history in a week?

………………………………………………..

 

PRONUNCITION: Which word is different from others according to the stress”

40.a) mother                     b) never                     c) city                    d) ago

41.a) tomorrow                 b) happy                    c) already              d) policeman

               

PRONUNCITION: Which word is different from others according to the stress?

42. a) keeps              b) works         c) dishes              d) maps

43. a) Schools           b) foes            c) pens                 d) tapes

 

CLOZE PASSAGE: Read the text and choose the best option.

When it gets cold and      44       comes, most birds travel to south. There, the       45                   

is not cold. In hot places bird can find a lot of       46      . Some birds fly at night and rest or look for food during the day. Some of them travel      47      distances and some fly short distances. They don’t have       48     , but they know      49      they are flying at night. When spring comes, they will go back again.

44. a) spring            b) winter              c) autumn              d) summer

45. a) weather         b) water                c) home                d) lake

46. a) lands             b) homes              c) food                  d) water

47. a) wide              b) long                 c) short                 d) high

48. a) wings            b) eyes                 c) tails                  d) maps

49. a) where            b) when               c) what                 d) which

 

MINI COMPREHENSION: Choose the best answer.

50. Ali has a photographic memory. It means that ……………….

a) he knows how to take photograph.    

b) he can remember everything in detail.

c) his memory is similar to take photograph.         

d) he doesn’t remember anything.

51. The researchers wanted to know how families would behave if they did not watch TV programs. “They” refers to …………………

a) families               b) researches              c) programs                   d) people

52. Four of the families found that their life could not simply continue without TV and they left the experiment. According to this sentence ……………..

a) it was possible for all families to continue the experiment.

b) all the families left the experiment because they didn’t like it.

c) it wasn’t easy for all families to continue the experiment, but they did.

d) some families didn’t continue the experiment because they wanted to watch TV.

53.If you don’t use your memory, things won’t stick in your mind and you won’t be able to …………….. them.

a) forget                b) answer                   c) remember                   d) question

 

COMPERHENSION: Read the passage and answer the question.

Jack was clever boy. He had to work in his free time to pay for his education. Because it was very expensive to study in the university, he wanted to find works to get money to pay for his studies. He got a work in butcher’s shop during the day and another in a hospital at night. In the butcher's shop he learned to cut meat quickly. In the hospital   he did simpler jobs such as taking sick people from one part to another. Both at the shop and at the hospital, he had to put on white clothes.

54. Was his work hard in the hospital?

……………………………………….

55. Why did he want to find works?

………………………………………

56. He was not a stupid boy.                             True                  False

57. He put on colorful clothes in the shop.       True                  False